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Rainfall Variability, Carbon Cycling, and Plant Species Diversity in a Mesic Grassland

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1076347
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21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

8 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 21 checked references that resolve
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Change in climate variability in the 21st century
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Simulated changes in daily rainfall intensity due to the enhanced greenhouse effect: implications for extreme rainfall events
resolves10.1126/science.289.5487.2068
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
resolves10.1038/377217a0
Trends in high-frequency climate variability in the twentieth century
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Changes in the Probability of Heavy Precipitation: Important Indicators of Climatic Change
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Changes in Climate Extremes Over the Australian Region and New Zealand During the Twentieth Century
resolves10.1023/A:1005358130291
MEAN AND VARIANCE CHANGE IN CLIMATE SCENARIOS: METHODS, AGRICULTURAL APPLICATIONS, AND MEASURES OF UNCERTAINTY
resolves10.1007/BF00139728
Extreme events in a changing climate: Variability is more important than averages
resolves10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0443:IOEWAC>2.3.CO;2
Impacts of Extreme Weather and Climate on Terrestrial Biota<sup>*</sup>
resolves10.1093/oso/9780195114867.001.0001
Grassland Dynamics
resolves10.1126/science.291.5503.481
Variation Among Biomes in Temporal Dynamics of Aboveground Primary Production
resolves10.1007/s100210000028
Altering Rainfall Timing and Quantity in a Mesic Grassland Ecosystem: Design and Performance of Rainfall Manipulation Shelters
resolves10.1007/BF00333714
A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes
resolves10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0311:TGBOR]2.0.CO;2
THE GLOBAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF ROOTS
resolves10.1038/35098065
Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie
resolves10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3377:FAGRBP]2.0.CO;2
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The Relationship Between Productivity and Species Richness
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Physiological Interactions Along Resource Gradients in a Tallgrass Prairie
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Landscape Patterns in Soil‐Plant Water Relations and Primary Production in Tallgrass Prairie
The 8 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press New York 2001).
no DOI — not checkedD. M. Gates Climate Change and Its Biological Consequences (Sinauer Sunderland MA 1993).
no DOI — not checkedG. W. Koch H. A. Mooney Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems (Academic Press New York 1996).
no DOI — not checkedW. H. Schlesinger Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change (Academic Press New York 1997).
no DOI — not checkedMaterials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
no DOI — not checkedJ. A. Ludwig J. F. Reynolds Statistical Ecology (Wiley New York 1988).
no DOI — not checkedKnapp A. K., Conard S. L., Blair J. M., Ecol. Appl. 8, 760 (1998).
no DOI — not checkedWe thank P. Reich and R. Jackson for providing valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. Supported by USDA Ecosystems U.S. Department of Energy National Institute for Global Environmental Change and the NSF LTER programs and the Nature Conservancy.
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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