Reference health
Metrology and the State: Science, Revenue, and Commerce
3/3 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-26
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
34 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 3 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2307/1918597
Weights and Measures in the Colonial Sugar Trade: The Gallon and the Pound and Their International Equivalents
resolves10.1353/tech.2001.0002
"Between the Trader and the Public": British Alcohol Standards and the Proof of Good Governance
The 34 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedA. Smith, in Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms; Delivered in the University of Glasgow and Reported by a Student in 1763, E. Cannan, Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1896), pp. 183.
no DOI — not checkedS. Schaffer, in Rethinking Social History: English Society 1570–1920 and its Integration, A. Wilson, Ed. (Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, 1993), pp. 128–157.
no DOI — not checkedFor plebian suspicions of state quantification, see R. Sheldon, A. Randall, A. Charlesworth, D. Walsh, in Markets, Market Culture and Popular Protest in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland, A. Randall, A. Charlesworth, Eds. (Univ. of Liverpool Press, Liverpool, UK, 1996), pp. 25–45.
no DOI — not checkedW. D. Patlenden, in vol. 20 of Bulletin of the Cleveland and Teesside Local History Society (Society of Middlesbrough, 1973), pp. 12–14.
no DOI — not checkedFor the commissioners, see U.K. House of Commons, “Thirteenth report of the committee appointed to examine the public accounts,” Sessional Papers, 1785, vol. 44, p. 18.
no DOI — not checkedSee also the Public Record Office Customs 41/1 14 July 1713 (Kew UK 1713).
no DOI — not checkedC. Leadbetter, The Royal Gauger; Or, Gauging made Easy, As it is actually practised by the Officers of His Majesty's Revenue of Excise (E. Wicksteed, London, ed. 2, 1743), p. 119.
no DOI — not checkedC. Leadbetter, The Royal Gauger; Or, Gauging made Easy, As it is actually practised by the Officers of His Majesty's Revenue of Excise (E. Wicksteed, London, ed. 2, 1743), p. 120.
no DOI — not checkedOne pound troy was in proportion to the cubic inches contained in a wine gallon whereas 1 pound avoirdupois was “very near” the cubic inches contained in an ale gallon.
no DOI — not checked“Proposals for altering the gauge of wines and brandies ” [Cholmondley Houghton Papers Cambridge Univ. Library manuscript no. 44/93 n.d. (probably early 1730s)].
no DOI — not checkedC. Leadbetter, The Royal Gauger; Or, Gauging made Easy, As it is actually practised by the Officers of His Majesty's Revenue of Excise (E. Wicksteed, London, ed. 2, 1743), p. 117.
no DOI — not checkedU.K. House of Commons, “Report from the committee appointed to enquire into the original standards of weights and measures in this kingdom,” Sessional Papers, 1758, vol. 19, p. 376.
no DOI — not checkedJ. Hoppitt, Eng. Hist. Rev.108, 82 (1993).
no DOI — not checkedR. E. Zupko, Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1990), p. 26.
no DOI — not checkedP. Linebaugh, The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century (Penguin, London, 1991), pp. 162–163.
no DOI — not checkedFor the seventeenth-century commentator, see A Sure Guide for His Majesties Justices of Peace (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1663), p. 441.
no DOI — not checkedW. Kula, Measures and Men, R. Szreter, Trans. (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1986), p. 70.
no DOI — not checkedT. Porter, Trust in Numbers: The Pursuit of Objectivity in Science and Public Life (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1995), p. 223.
no DOI — not checkedColonies usually but not always adopted the measures of the occupying country ( 24 ).
no DOI — not checkedBrit. Rev. London Crit. Rev.IX, 159 (1817).
no DOI — not checkedJ. T. Graham, M. Stevenson, Weights and Measures and Their Marks: A Guide to Collecting (Shire Publications, Haverford-West, ed. 3, 1993), pp. 3–4.
no DOI — not checkedG. S. Keith, Different Methods of Establishing an Uniformity of Weights and Measures Stated and Compared (J. Johnson & Co., London, 1817), p. 1.
no DOI — not checkedFor numerous other Scottish-English legal variations in metrology, see R. E. Zupko, Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1990), pp. 5–7.
no DOI — not checked“An account of a comparison lately made by some gentlemen of the Royal Society of the standard of a yard, and the several weights lately made for their use,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 42, 541 (1742).
no DOI — not checkedDuring the Middle Ages City of London officials were in charge of stamping and testing bronze and brass weights at the Guildhall jointly with the Worshipful Company of Founders until 1579 ( 37 ).
no DOI — not checkedU.K. House of Commons, “Report from the committee appointed to enquire into the original standards of weights and measures in this kingdom,” Sessional Papers, 1758, vol. 19, p. 352.
no DOI — not checkedG. S. Keith, Different Methods of Establishing an Uniformity of Weights and Measures Stated and Compared (J. Johnson & Co., London, 1817), p. 2.
no DOI — not checkedR. E. Zupko, Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1990), pp. 105–107.
no DOI — not checkedR. E. Zupko, Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1990), pp. 107–108.
no DOI — not checkedFor an account of the implementation and reception to the French metric system, see K. Alder, in Values of Precision, M. Norton Wise, Ed. (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1997), pp. 39–71.
no DOI — not checkedR. E. Zupko, Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1990), pp. 178–179.
no DOI — not checkedB. R. Leftwich, Customs: The Story of a Great Department (Customs and Excise Museum, Liverpool Galleries and Museums, n.d.), p. 207.John Bird gained immense prestige during the eighteenth century for the precision instruments he made for the astronomer royal, James Bradley.
no DOI — not checkedJ. Bateman, The Excise Officer's Manual, and Improved Practical Gauger; Being a Compendious Introduction to the Business of Charging and Collecting the Duties of Excise (A. Maxwell, London, 1840), pp. 28–29.
no DOI — not checkedJ. T. Graham, M. Stevenson, Weights and Measures and Their Marks: A Guide to Collecting (Shire Publications, Haverford-West, ed. 3, 1993), p. 1.
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