Reference health
The long-run poverty and gender impacts of mobile money
21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
4 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 21 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1257/aer.104.1.183
Risk Sharing and Transactions Costs: Evidence from Kenya's Mobile Money Revolution
resolves10.1257/app.20140287
Six Randomized Evaluations of Microcredit: Introduction and Further Steps
resolves10.1257/app.20130489
The Impacts of Microfinance: Evidence from Joint-Liability Lending in Mongolia
resolves10.2307/146433
An Analysis of Sample Attrition in Panel Data: The Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics
resolves10.1257/app.20130535
Estimating the Impact of Microcredit on Those Who Take It Up: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Morocco
resolves10.1257/app.20130537
Microcredit Impacts: Evidence from a Randomized Microcredit Program Placement Experiment by Compartamos Banco
resolves10.1126/science.1200138
Microcredit in Theory and Practice: Using Randomized Credit Scoring for Impact Evaluation
resolves10.1162/qjec.2008.123.4.1329
Returns to Capital in Microenterprises: Evidence from a Field Experiment
<sup>*</sup>
resolves10.1257/app.1.3.1
Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns
resolves10.1126/science.1212973
One-Time Transfers of Cash or Capital Have Long-Lasting Effects on Microenterprises in Sri Lanka
resolves10.1257/app.4.4.94
Can Mobile Phones Improve Learning? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Niger
resolves10.1162/REST_a_00611
Is Information Power? Using Mobile Phones and Free Newspapers during an Election in Mozambique
The 4 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedTwo large mobile network operators Vodacom and MTN recently shut down their mobile money services in South Africa because of high operating costs and a high prevalence of bank accounts. See the relevant press articles at www.fin24.com/Tech/Companies/why-vodacom-m-pesa-has-flopped-in-sa-20160509 and www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/MTN-scraps-mobile-money-business-in-South-Africa/539550-3382710-13vftp7z/.
no DOI — not checkedCommunications Commission of Kenya Annual Report for the Financial Year 2014–2015; www.ca.go.ke/index.php/annual-reports.
no DOI — not checkedGSMA “State of the Industry Report: Mobile Money” (2015); www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/SOTIR_2015.pdf.
no DOI — not checkedConsultative Group to Assist the Poor “Top 10 things to know about M-Shwari”; www.cgap.org/blog/top-10-things-know-about-m-shwari.
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