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Self-Collected Saline Gargle Samples as an Alternative to Health Care Worker-Collected Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Outpatients

12/12 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-24

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

The 12 checked references that resolve

resolves10.5770/cgj.23.445

COVID-19 and Older Adults. Lessons Learned from the Italian Epicenter

resolves10.1128/JCM.00876-20

Open Development and Clinical Validation of Multiple 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Collection Swabs: Rapid Resolution of a Critical COVID-19 Testing Bottleneck

resolves10.14745/ccdr.v46i05a02

Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network Best Practices for COVID-19

resolves10.1093/cid/ciaa760

Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19 (June 2020)

resolves10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104433

Real-time PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 detection in Canadian laboratories

resolves10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.06.010

Comparison of gargle samples and throat swab samples for the detection of respiratory pathogens

resolves10.1016/j.jhin.2018.07.016

Verification of Cepheid Xpert Xpress Flu/RSV assay for use with gargle samples, sputa and endotracheal secretions

resolves10.1093/cid/ciaa377

Gargle Lavage as a Safe and Sensitive Alternative to Swab Samples to Diagnose COVID-19: A Case Report in Japan

resolves10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2987_20

Gargle lavage as a viable alternative to swab for detection of SARS-CoV-2

resolves10.1017/ice.2020.229

Pharynx gargle samples are suitable for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic use and save personal protective equipment and swabs

resolves10.1056/NEJMc2016359

Saliva or Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

resolves10.1128/JCM.00776-20

Saliva as a Noninvasive Specimen for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

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