Reference health
Inflammatory cytokines in cancer: tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 take the stage
90/90 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
5 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 90 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1038/nri1703
NF-κB: linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression
resolves10.1016/j.cytogfr.2009.11.005
Dangerous liaisons: STAT3 and NF-κB collaboration and crosstalk in cancer
resolves10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0149
Targeting Inflammatory Pathways for Prevention and Therapy of Cancer: Short-Term Friend, Long-Term Foe
resolves10.1038/embor.2009.243
IKK/NF‐κB and STAT3 pathways: central signalling hubs in inflammation‐mediated tumour promotion and metastasis
resolves10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2924
Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas
resolves10.1016/j.molmed.2007.12.007
The wolf in sheep's clothing: the role of interleukin-6 in immunity, inflammation and cancer
resolves10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.013
IKKβ Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer
resolves10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.002
gp130-Mediated Stat3 Activation in Enterocytes Regulates Cell Survival and Cell-Cycle Progression during Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis
resolves10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.001
IL-6 and Stat3 Are Required for Survival of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Development of Colitis-Associated Cancer
resolves10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2735
Mouse Model of Colonic Adenoma-Carcinoma Progression Based on Somatic <i>Apc</i> Inactivation
resolves10.1126/science.1140485
Gender Disparity in Liver Cancer Due to Sex Differences in MyD88-Dependent IL-6 Production
resolves10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.020
TGF-β Suppresses Tumor Progression in Colon Cancer by Inhibition of IL-6 trans-Signaling
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.0801217
Essential Roles of IL-6
<i>Trans</i>
-Signaling in Colonic Epithelial Cells, Induced by the IL-6/Soluble–IL-6 Receptor Derived from Lamina Propria Macrophages, on the Development of Colitis-Associated Premalignant Cancer in a Murine Model
resolves10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.003
The Interleukin-6 Family Cytokine Interleukin-11 Regulates Homeostatic Epithelial Cell Turnover and Promotes Gastric Tumor Development
resolves10.1038/sj.onc.1210286
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) limits damage-induced crypt hyper-proliferation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis in the colon
resolves10.1074/jbc.M210584200
Cellular Cholesterol Depletion Triggers Shedding of the Human Interleukin-6 Receptor by ADAM10 and ADAM17 (TACE)
resolves10.1038/clpt.2010.1
Is Interleukin-6 Receptor Blockade the Holy Grail for Inflammatory Diseases?
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.159.3.1474
Soluble IL-6 receptor leads to a paracrine modulation of the IL-6-induced hepatic acute phase response in double transgenic mice
resolves10.2174/138161209788489140
Interleukin-6 Trans-Signaling and Colonic Cancer Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
resolves10.1136/gut.2009.184176
Disease-related expression of the IL6/STAT3/SOCS3 signalling pathway in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-related carcinogenesis
resolves10.1084/jem.20082683
STAT3 links IL-22 signaling in intestinal epithelial cells to mucosal wound healing
resolves10.1186/1747-1028-5-14
Stat3: linking inflammation to epithelial cancer - more than a "gut" feeling?
resolves10.1084/jem.20092366
Critical role of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 for intestinal inflammation and regeneration in mice
resolves10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.043
Loss of Single Immunoglobulin Interlukin-1 Receptor-Related Molecule Leads to Enhanced Colonic Polyposis in Apcmin Mice
resolves10.1093/carcin/bgl018
Interleukin-6 production induced by leptin treatment promotes cell proliferation in an Apc ( Min/+ ) colon epithelial cell line
resolves10.1093/carcin/bgm180
Rapid reversal of interleukin-6-dependent epithelial invasion in a mouse model of microbially induced colon carcinoma
resolves10.1084/jem.193.4.471
Cis3/Socs3/Ssi3 Plays a Negative Regulatory Role in Stat3 Activation and Intestinal Inflammation
resolves10.1038/75068
Blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: Evidence in Crohn disease and experimental colitis in vivo
resolves10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01288.x
Clinical Relevance of Serum Interleukin-6 in Crohn's Disease: Single Point Measurements, Therapy Monitoring, and Prediction of Clinical Relapse
resolves10.1385/CRIAI:28:3:187
Involvement of IL-6 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colon Cancer
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.179.4.2041
Cutting Edge:
<i>Trans-</i>
Signaling via the Soluble IL-6R Abrogates the Induction of FoxP3 in Naive CD4+CD25− T Cells
resolves10.1038/nm.2015
A human colonic commensal promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of T helper type 17 T cell responses
resolves10.1007/s00281-009-0161-8
Colitis-associated cancer: the role of T cells in tumor development
resolves10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3104
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory Lymphocytes Induce Regression of Intestinal Tumors in
<i>ApcMin/+</i>
Mice
resolves10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80334-9
Role of IL-6 and Its Soluble Receptor in Induction of Chemokines and Leukocyte Recruitment
resolves10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2189
IL-6 Regulates Neutrophil Trafficking during Acute Inflammation via STAT3
resolves10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01750.x
Interleukin‐6 Trans‐Signalling in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer
resolves10.1016/j.immuni.2010.05.010
Tumor-Induced Tolerance and Immune Suppression Depend on the C/EBPβ Transcription Factor
resolves10.1016/j.coi.2010.01.021
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell heterogeneity and subset definition
resolves10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.04.010
Physiological functions of tumor necrosis factor and the consequences of its pathologic overexpression or blockade: Mouse models
resolves10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00019-9
Role of TNF/TNFR in autoimmunity: specific TNF receptor blockade may be advantageous to anti-TNF treatments
resolves10.1146/annurev-immunol-082708-100732
Translating Molecular Insights in Autoimmunity into Effective Therapy
resolves10.1016/j.coph.2007.06.001
Cytokine inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases
resolves10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1565
Low Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Increase Tumor Growth by Inducing an Endothelial Phenotype of Monocytes Recruited to the Tumor Site
resolves10.1016/S0074-7696(06)52002-9
Intracellular Signals and Events Activated by Cytokines of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily: From Simple Paradigms to Complex Mechanisms
resolves10.1016/j.ccr.2009.07.015
Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Driven by T-bet Deficiency in Dendritic Cells
resolves10.1172/JCI39065
The tumor-promoting actions of TNF-α involve TNFR1 and IL-17 in ovarian cancer in mice and humans
resolves10.1074/jbc.M801269200
TNFR1 Promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor-mediated Mouse Colon Epithelial Cell Survival through RAF Activation of NF-κB
resolves10.1073/pnas.0801463105
Transactivation of EGF receptor and ErbB2 protects intestinal epithelial cells from TNF-induced apoptosis
resolves10.1152/ajpgi.00071.2008
Signaling pathway via TNF-α/NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells may be directly involved in colitis-associated carcinogenesis
resolves10.1016/j.immuni.2010.02.012
Control of Intestinal Homeostasis, Colitis, and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by the Inflammatory Caspases
resolves10.1084/jem.20100050
The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a negative regulator of tumorigenesis during colitis-associated cancer
resolves10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002
Recognition of Commensal Microflora by Toll-Like Receptors Is Required for Intestinal Homeostasis
resolves10.1084/jem.20100199
MyD88-mediated signaling prevents development of adenocarcinomas of the colon: role of interleukin 18
resolves10.1002/ijc.24281
High serum interleukin‐6 level predicts future hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B
resolves10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.014
IKKβ Couples Hepatocyte Death to Cytokine-Driven Compensatory Proliferation that Promotes Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis
resolves10.1016/j.ccr.2006.12.016
Deletion of NEMO/IKKγ in Liver Parenchymal Cells Causes Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
resolves10.1016/j.ccr.2008.06.016
Hepatocyte Necrosis Induced by Oxidative Stress and IL-1α Release Mediate Carcinogen-Induced Compensatory Proliferation and Liver Tumorigenesis
resolves10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.048
Hepatocyte IKKβ/NF-κB Inhibits Tumor Promotion and Progression by Preventing Oxidative Stress-Driven STAT3 Activation
resolves10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.245
Age-Associated Increased Interleukin-6 Gene Expression, Late-Life Diseases, and Frailty
resolves10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.052
Dietary and Genetic Obesity Promote Liver Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Enhancing IL-6 and TNF Expression
The 5 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedSTAT3 and STAT1 mediate IL-11-dependent and inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis in gp130 receptor mutant mice
no DOI — not checkedModeling the function of tumor necrosis factor in immune pathophysiology
no DOI — not checkedDistinct and nonredundant in vivo functions of TNF produced by t cells and macrophages/neutrophils: protective and deleterious effects
no DOI — not checkedBlocking TNF-alpha in mice reduces colorectal carcinogenesis associated with chronic colitis
no DOI — not checkedMice with homozygous disruption of the mdr2 P-glycoprotein gene. A novel animal model for studies of nonsuppurative inflammatory cholangitis and hepatocarcinogenesis
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