Reference health
Regulatory Themes and Variations by the Stress-Signaling Nucleotide Alarmones (p)ppGpp in Bacteria
96/96 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
The 96 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1038/s41586-019-1735-9
An interbacterial toxin inhibits target cell growth by synthesizing (p)ppApp
resolves10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.013
Molecular Mechanism of Regulation of the Purine Salvage Enzyme XPRT by the Alarmones pppGpp, ppGpp, and pGpp
resolves10.7554/eLife.47534
Evolution of (p)ppGpp-HPRT regulation through diversification of an allosteric oligomeric interaction
resolves10.1101/2020.12.02.409011
The nucleotide messenger (p)ppGpp is a co-repressor of the purine synthesis transcription regulator PurR in Firmicutes
resolves10.1021/bi060287y
The Extraordinary Specificity of Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase from<i> Bacillus subtilis</i> Elucidated by Reaction Kinetics, Ligand Binding, and Crystallography<sup>,</sup>
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0023479
The RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) Superfamily: Distribution and Functional Evolution of ppGpp Synthetases and Hydrolases across the Tree of Life
resolves10.3390/cells8111313
The Impact of the Stringent Response on TRAFAC GTPases and Prokaryotic Ribosome Assembly
resolves10.1073/pnas.69.5.1313
Bacteriophage Qβ Replicase Contains the Protein Biosynthesis Elongation Factors EF Tu and EF Ts
resolves10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.07.005
Structure-function comparisons of (p)ppApp vs (p)ppGpp for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding sites and for rrnB P1 promoter regulatory responses in vitro
resolves10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00882-1
Structural and Biochemical Analysis of the Obg GTP Binding Protein
resolves10.1371/journal.ppat.1000641
Small Molecule Control of Virulence Gene Expression in Francisella tularensis
resolves10.1128/mSphere.00392-19
(p)ppGpp and CodY Promote Enterococcus faecalis Virulence in a Murine Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
resolves10.1073/pnas.1522179113
ppGpp negatively impacts ribosome assembly affecting growth and antimicrobial tolerance in Gram-positive bacteria
resolves10.1074/jbc.M114.598300
Cross-talk between Two Nucleotide-signaling Pathways in Staphylococcus aureus
resolves10.1101/gad.303701.117
Dissection of the molecular circuitry controlling virulence in <i>Francisella tularensis</i>
resolves10.3389/fmicb.2020.563944
(p)ppGpp Metabolism and Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens
resolves10.1128/JB.00763-08
<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium BipA Exhibits Two Distinct Ribosome Binding Modes
resolves10.1073/pnas.1920013117
The alarmones (p)ppGpp directly regulate translation initiation during entry into quiescence
resolves10.1074/jbc.M115.659136
Structural and Functional Analysis of BipA, a Regulator of Virulence in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
resolves10.3389/fmicb.2020.592718
Possible Roles for Basal Levels of (p)ppGpp: Growth Efficiency Vs. Surviving Stress
resolves10.1101/2020.03.22.002139
A shared alarmone-GTP switch underlies triggered and spontaneous persistence
resolves10.3389/fmicb.2020.02083
Small Alarmone Synthetase SasA Expression Leads to Concomitant Accumulation of pGpp, ppApp, and AppppA in Bacillus subtilis
resolves10.1128/mBio.00646-13
Basal Levels of (p)ppGpp in Enterococcus faecalis: the Magic beyond the Stringent Response
resolves10.1128/JB.00324-15
From (p)ppGpp to (pp)pGpp: Characterization of Regulatory Effects of pGpp Synthesized by the Small Alarmone Synthetase of Enterococcus faecalis
resolves10.1128/AAC.00957-18
Bifunctional Enzyme SpoT Is Involved in Biofilm Formation of Helicobacter pylori with Multidrug Resistance by Upregulating Efflux Pump Hp1174 (
<i>gluP</i>
)
resolves10.1038/nrmicro3448
Recent functional insights into the role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial physiology
resolves10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.007
Linking bacterial growth, survival, and multicellularity – small signaling molecules as triggers and drivers
resolves10.1128/mBio.01047-17
Bacterial Signaling Nucleotides Inhibit Yeast Cell Growth by Impacting Mitochondrial and Other Specifically Eukaryotic Functions
resolves10.1073/pnas.1416485112
An HD-domain phosphodiesterase mediates cooperative hydrolysis of c-di-AMP to affect bacterial growth and virulence
resolves10.1038/s41579-020-00470-y
The stringent response and physiological roles of (pp)pGpp in bacteria
resolves10.1073/pnas.1916617117
A widespread toxin−antitoxin system exploiting growth control via alarmone signaling
resolves10.1038/emboj.2011.5
Linkage between the bacterial acid stress and stringent responses: the structure of the inducible lysine decarboxylase
resolves10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08177.x
Direct binding targets of the stringent response alarmone (p)ppGpp
resolves10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.029
Crystal structure analysis of the translation factor RF3 (release factor 3)
resolves10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06256.x
The identity of the transcription +1 position is crucial for changes in gene expression in response to amino acid starvation in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
resolves10.1128/JB.00918-13
GTP Dysregulation in Bacillus subtilis Cells Lacking (p)ppGpp Results in Phenotypic Amino Acid Auxotrophy and Failure To Adapt to Nutrient Downshift and Regulate Biosynthesis Genes
resolves10.1101/2020.08.27.268672
A rendezvous of two second messengers: The c-di-AMP receptor protein DarB controls (p)ppGpp synthesis in
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
resolves10.1093/nar/gky023
The ribosomal A-site finger is crucial for binding and activation of the stringent factor RelA
resolves10.3389/fmicb.2020.601417
Survival of the Fittest: The Relationship of (p)ppGpp With Bacterial Virulence
resolves10.3389/fmicb.2020.575041
Structural Analysis of (p)ppGpp Reveals Its Versatile Binding Pattern for Diverse Types of Target Proteins
resolves10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.037
Molecular Mechanism and Evolution of Guanylate Kinase Regulation by (p)ppGpp
resolves10.1016/0304-4165(79)90357-X
The decrease of guanine nucleotides initiates sporulation of Bacillus subtilis
resolves10.1101/2020.04.18.048561
Lysosomal nucleotide metabolism regulates ER proteostasis through mTOR signaling
resolves10.1016/0003-9861(73)90022-2
The interaction of guanosine 5′-diphosphate, 2′ (3′)-diphosphate with the bacterial elongation factor Tu
resolves10.1371/journal.pgen.1002048
Fluctuations in spo0A Transcription Control Rare Developmental Transitions in Bacillus subtilis
resolves10.1016/j.jmb.2010.08.016
Thermodynamic Characterization of ppGpp Binding to EF-G or IF2 and of Initiator tRNA Binding to Free IF2 in the Presence of GDP, GTP, or ppGpp
resolves10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.035
Allosteric Effector ppGpp Potentiates the Inhibition of Transcript Initiation by DksA
resolves10.1128/jb.140.2.671-679.1979
Regulatory nucleotides involved in the Rel function of Bacillus subtilis
resolves10.1074/jbc.M900582200
Degradation of ppGpp by Nudix Pyrophosphatase Modulates the Transition of Growth Phase in the Bacterium Thermus thermophilus
resolves10.1074/jbc.RA118.003070
Structural basis for (p)ppGpp-mediated inhibition of the GTPase RbgA
resolves10.1128/JB.00444-19
RelZ-Mediated Stress Response in
<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>
: pGpp Synthesis and Its Regulation
resolves10.1128/mBio.01625-20
(p)ppGpp and c-di-AMP Homeostasis Is Controlled by CbpB in Listeria monocytogenes
resolves10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.067
ppGpp Controls Global Gene Expression in Light and in Darkness in S. elongatus
resolves10.1073/pnas.74.3.1125
Studies on the control of development: isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants blocked early in sporulation and defective in synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides.
resolves10.1007/BF00327920
ppGpp inhibition of elongation factors Tu, G and Ts during polypeptide synthesis
resolves10.1093/femsre/fuz009
Make and break the alarmone: regulation of (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase enzymes in bacteria
resolves10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.029
ppGpp Binding to a Site at the RNAP-DksA Interface Accounts for Its Dramatic Effects on Transcription Initiation during the Stringent Response
resolves10.1016/j.str.2012.05.017
Binding Mechanism of Metal⋅NTP Substrates and Stringent-Response Alarmones to Bacterial DnaG-Type Primases
resolves10.1073/pnas.1819682116
Genome-wide effects on
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
transcription from ppGpp binding to its two sites on RNA polymerase
resolves10.1073/pnas.1720406115
Riboswitches for the alarmone ppGpp expand the collection of RNA-based signaling systems
resolves10.1038/s41564-020-00809-4
Reciprocal growth control by competitive binding of nucleotide second messengers to a metabolic switch in Caulobacter crescentus
resolves10.1038/embor.2012.106
Positive allosteric feedback regulation of the stringent response enzyme RelA by its product
resolves10.1128/JB.185.14.4087-4098.2003
The Purine Repressor of
<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
: a Novel Combination of Domains Adapted for Transcription Regulation
resolves10.3389/fmicb.2019.00859
Methylobacterium extorquens RSH Enzyme Synthesizes (p)ppGpp and pppApp in vitro and in vivo, and Leads to Discovery of pppApp Synthesis in Escherichia coli
resolves10.1073/pnas.1505271112
Catalytic mechanism and allosteric regulation of an oligomeric (p)ppGpp synthetase by an alarmone
resolves10.1105/tpc.16.00045
An Ancient Bacterial Signaling Pathway Regulates Chloroplast Function to Influence Growth and Development in Arabidopsis
resolves10.1038/nsmb.1906
A metazoan ortholog of SpoT hydrolyzes ppGpp and functions in starvation responses
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.076
Fatty Acid Availability Sets Cell Envelope Capacity and Dictates Microbial Cell Size
resolves10.1038/s41589-018-0183-4
Affinity-based capture and identification of protein effectors of the growth regulator ppGpp
resolves10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.005
ppGpp Coordinates Nucleotide and Amino-Acid Synthesis in E. coli During Starvation
resolves10.1093/femsle/fnv187
Elevated guanosine 5′-diphosphate 3′-diphosphate level inhibits bacterial growth and interferes with FtsZ assembly
resolves10.1038/s41467-020-19166-1
The nucleotide pGpp acts as a third alarmone in Bacillus, with functions distinct from those of (p)ppGpp
resolves10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.035
(p)ppGpp Regulates a Bacterial Nucleosidase by an Allosteric Two-Domain Switch
resolves10.1128/mBio.02188-17
Novel (p)ppGpp Binding and Metabolizing Proteins of
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-07-23 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-025827"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-025827/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1146/annurev-genet-021821-025827)