Reference health
Access to Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension Medicines in Developing Countries: An Analysis of Essential Medicine Lists, Price, Availability, and Affordability
21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
11 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 21 checked references that resolve
resolves10.5005/ijopmr-24-1-2
Global Brief on Hypertension: Silent Killer, Global Public Health Crisis
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30955-9
The state of hypertension care in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1·1 million adults
resolves10.1001/jama.2013.184182
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32476-5
Availability, cost, and prescription patterns of antihypertensive medications in primary health care in China: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
resolves10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30141-X
Availability and affordability of blood pressure-lowering medicines and the effect on blood pressure control in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0171284
Baseline assessment of WHO’s target for both availability and affordability of essential medicines to treat non-communicable diseases
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62128-X
Promotion of access to essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: practical implications of the UN political declaration
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0087576
Essential Medicines Are More Available than Other Medicines around the Globe
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13375-2
25 years of the WHO essential medicines lists: progress and challenges
resolves10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02453.x
Prices of antihypertensive medicines in sub-Saharan Africa and alignment to WHO’s model list of essential medicines
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61762-6
Medicine prices, availability, and affordability in 36 developing and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis
resolves10.2471/BLT.06.033647
The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronicl diseases in six low- and middle-income countries
resolves10.1186/1471-2261-10-25
Availability, price and affordability of cardiovascular medicines: A comparison across 36 countries using WHO/HAI data
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00469-9
Availability and affordability of cardiovascular disease medicines and their effect on use in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of the PURE study data
resolves10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.008722
Access to Medications for Cardiovascular Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
resolves10.1186/1471-2458-13-285
Cost effective interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in low and middle income countries: a systematic review
The 11 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) key facts. 2020. online. Available at: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Accessed March 22 2020.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013–2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . Global Status Report on Non‐Communicable Diseases 2014. Online. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2014. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148114/1/9789241564854_eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed March 21, 2020.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . Essential medicines selection. National Medicines List/Formulary/Standard Treatment Guidelines. WHO; 2020. (Internet web/homepage). Available at: https://www.who.int/selection_medicines/country_lists/en/. Accessed March 21 2020.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization and Health Action International . Measuring Medicine Prices, Availability, Affordability and Price Components. No. WHO/PSM/PAR9/2008.3. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. Available at: https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/access/OMS_Medicine_prices.pdf. Accessed April 13, 2020.
no DOI — not checkedManagement Sciences for Health (MSH) . International Drug Price Indicator Guide. 2014 ed. (Updated annually). Medford, MA: MSH; 2015. Available at: http://mshpriceguide.org/en/home/. Accessed March 21, 2020.
no DOI — not checkedMDG Gap Task Force . Delivering on the Global Partnership for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: Millennium Development Goal 8: MDG Gap Task Force Report 2008. United Nations Publications; 2008.
no DOI — not checkedKishore SP Huffman MD Fuster V Vadanthan R. Expanding Global Access to Essential Heart Medications. Modernizing the World Health Organizations's official list of vital medications. Scientific American; 2018. Available at: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/expanding-global-access-to-essential-heart-medications/. Accessed March 21 2020.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . WHO Medicines Strategy: Framework for Action in Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy 2000–2003 (No. WHO/EDM/2000.1). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/66503/WHO_EDM_2000.1.pdf. Accessed April 13, 2020.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines—The Selection of Essential Medicines. WHO/EDM.2002.2. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67375/WHO_EDM_2002.2_eng.pdf. Accessed April 13, 2020.
no DOI — not checkedWorld Health Organization . Equitable Access to Essential Medicines: A Framework for Collective Action (No. WHO/EDM/2004.4). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/68571/WHO_EDM_2004.4_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed April 13, 2020.
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