Reference health
The Cost of Grade Retention
27/27 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-26
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
4 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 27 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1257/000282802762024629
Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment
resolves10.1162/003355399556061
Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement
resolves10.1162/qjec.122.3.1235
Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India
resolves10.1086/431263
Progressing through PROGRESA: An Impact Assessment of a School Subsidy Experiment in Rural Mexico
resolves10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.10.007
Giving children a better start: Preschool attendance and school-age profiles
resolves10.1257/0002828054825529
The Central Role of Noise in Evaluating Interventions That Use Test Scores to Rank Schools
resolves10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.03.004
Getting inside the “Black Box” of Head Start quality: What matters and what doesn’t
resolves10.1257/aer.91.4.795
Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment
resolves10.1016/S0272-7757(00)00041-8
The effect of grade retention on educational and labor market outcomes
resolves10.1111/1468-0262.00183
Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design
resolves10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.08.004
Accountability, incentives and behavior: the impact of high-stakes testing in the Chicago Public Schools
resolves10.1162/00335530360698441
Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating
resolves10.1002/pits.10046
Winning the battle and losing the war: Examining the relation between grade retention and dropping out of high school
resolves10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.004
Randomized experiments from non-random selection in U.S. House elections
resolves10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.06.005
The effect of overcrowded housing on children's performance at school
resolves10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05.005
Manipulation of the running variable in the regression discontinuity design: A density test
resolves10.1016/0738-0593(94)00043-X
Socioeconomic and ethnic determinants of age-grade distortion in Bolivian and Guatemalan primary schools
resolves10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02080.x
The Impact of Length of the School Year on Student Performance and Earnings: Evidence from the German Short School Years
resolves10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00055
Estimating the Effect of Financial Aid Offers on College Enrollment: A Regression–Discontinuity Approach*
The 4 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedp_11
no DOI — not checkedp_25
no DOI — not checkedp_40
no DOI — not checkedp_43
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carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-07-26 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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