Reference health

Global Modes of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in Relation to Regional Climate Indices

https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JCLI3941.1
CiteStamped reference-health badge
100/100 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-14

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a publisher retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

8 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 100 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2205:TABTIO>2.0.CO;2
The Atmospheric Bridge: The Influence of ENSO Teleconnections on Air–Sea Interaction over the Global Oceans
resolves10.1175/2010JCLI3205.1
The Impact of Extratropical Atmospheric Variability on ENSO: Testing the Seasonal Footprinting Mechanism Using Coupled Model Experiments
resolves10.1175/JCLI3937.1
A New Globally Complete Monthly Historical Gridded Mean Sea Level Pressure Dataset (HadSLP2): 1850–2004
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2044:ICOTSO>2.0.CO;2
Interdecadal Change of the Structure of the ENSO Mode and Its Impact on the ENSO Frequency*
resolves10.1175/JCLI-3298.1
The Forced and Intrinsic Low-Frequency Modes in the North Pacific*
resolves10.1175/JCLI4017.1
The Influence of ENSO on the Generation of Decadal Variability in the North Pacific*
resolves10.1029/2006JC003798
El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection
resolves10.1126/science.222.4629.1203
Biological Consequences of El Niño
resolves10.1029/1999GL900042
Interdecadal interactions between the tropics and midlatitudes in the Pacific Basin
resolves10.1029/1999GL900278
Origins of the midlatitude Pacific decadal variability
resolves10.1175/2007JCLI1679.1
Coexistence of Equatorial Coupled Modes of ENSO*
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1969)097<0163:ATFTEP>2.3.CO;2
ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS FROM THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC<sup>1</sup>
resolves10.1029/2003GL018597
Recent shifts in the state of the North Pacific
resolves10.1016/j.csr.2007.05.018
A closer look at regime shifts based on coastal observations along the eastern boundary of the North Pacific
resolves10.1175/2009JCLI2848.1
North Pacific Gyre Oscillation Synchronizes Climate Fluctuations in the Eastern and Western Boundary Systems*
resolves10.1175/JCLI3903.1
Climate Fluctuations of Tropical Coupled Systems—The Role of Ocean Dynamics
resolves10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.032
A comparison of Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems
resolves10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00050-2
Biological and chemical consequences of the 1997–1998 El Niño in central California waters
resolves10.1126/science.1075880
From Anchovies to Sardines and Back: Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean
resolves10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163917
Marine Primary Production in Relation to Climate Variability and Change
resolves10.1029/2009GL041708
Different impacts of two kinds of Pacific Ocean warming on tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1709:ROLFCP>2.0.CO;2
Robustness of Low-Frequency Circulation Patterns Derived from EOF and Rotated EOF Analyses
resolves10.1175/2008JCLI2639.1
Forcing of Low-Frequency Ocean Variability in the Northeast Pacific*
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1677:OTRBTA>2.0.CO;2
On the Relationship between Tropical and North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Variations
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1697:EFAWDI>2.0.CO;2
Evidence for a Wind-Driven Intensification of the Kuroshio Current Extension from the 1970s to the 1980s
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3109:PICVLB>2.0.CO;2
Pacific Interdecadal Climate Variability: Linkages between the Tropics and the North Pacific during Boreal Winter since 1900
resolves10.1146/annurev-marine-120408-151453
Sea Surface Temperature Variability: Patterns and Mechanisms
resolves10.1016/j.pocean.2004.02.017
Detecting regime shifts in the ocean: Data considerations
resolves10.1029/2007GL032838
North Pacific Gyre Oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change
resolves10.1029/2009GL038261
Nutrient and salinity decadal variations in the central and eastern North Pacific
resolves10.1038/ngeo984
Central Pacific El Niño and decadal climate change in the North Pacific Ocean
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2719:MVIGSS>2.0.CO;2
Multiscale Variabilities in Global Sea Surface Temperatures and Their Relationships with Tropospheric Climate Patterns
resolves10.1029/2000GL012745
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S.
resolves10.1126/science.288.5473.1997
Is El Niño Changing?
resolves10.1046/j.1365-2419.1998.00052.x
Effects of interdecadal climate variability on the oceanic ecosystems of the NE Pacific
resolves10.5194/npg-11-561-2004
Application of the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series
resolves10.1175/2007JCLI2076.1
Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures in the Twentieth Century: An Evolution-Centric Analysis of Variability and Trend
resolves10.1175/2009JCLI2921.1
Analysis of Atlantic SST Variability Factoring Interbasin Links and the Secular Trend: Clarified Structure of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
resolves10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00033-1
Empirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989
resolves10.1175/2008JCLI2309.1
Contrasting Eastern-Pacific and Central-Pacific Types of ENSO
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0707:AREAOG>2.0.CO;2
A Rotated EOF Analysis of Global Sea Surface Temperature Variability with Interannual and Interdecadal Scales
resolves10.1126/science.288.5473.1984
A North Atlantic Climate Pacemaker for the Centuries
resolves10.1175/2008JCLI2624.1
Two Types of El Niño Events: Cold Tongue El Niño and Warm Pool El Niño
resolves10.1126/science.1131152
Unraveling the Mystery of Indian Monsoon Failure During El Niño
resolves10.1175/2010JCLI3343.1
Role of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio–Oyashio Systems in Large-Scale Atmosphere–Ocean Interaction: A Review
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<2242:IVITAG>2.0.CO;2
Interdecadal Variations in the Alaska Gyre
resolves10.1029/2005GL022860
Global seasonal temperature and precipitation anomalies during El Niño autumn and winter
resolves10.1126/science.266.5185.634
Causes of Decadal Climate Variability over the North Pacific and North America
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2407:DCVOTN>2.0.CO;2
Decadal Climate Variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and Predictability
resolves10.1029/2010GL044007
Increasing intensity of El Niño in the central‐equatorial Pacific
resolves10.1029/2010GL044865
Record warming in the South Pacific and western Antarctica associated with the strong central‐Pacific El Niño in 2009–10
resolves10.1111/j.1467-2979.2006.00215.x
Characterizing regime shifts in the marine environment
resolves10.1023/A:1015820616384
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation
resolves10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2
A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production
resolves10.1126/science.1177012
Climate-Driven Basin-Scale Decadal Oscillations of Oceanic Phytoplankton
resolves10.1038/415603a
Slowdown of the meridional overturning circulation in the upper Pacific Ocean
resolves10.1126/science.1132588
ENSO as an Integrating Concept in Earth Science
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2734:RGMONE>2.0.CO;2
Rotated Global Modes of Non-ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Variability
resolves10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00044-6
Interdecadal climate regime dynamics in the North Pacific Ocean: theories, observations and ecosystem impacts
resolves10.5670/oceanog.1994.11
The 1976-77 Climate Shift of the Pacific Ocean
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<3112:AWIDCI>2.0.CO;2
A Westward-Intensified Decadal Change in the North Pacific Thermocline and Gyre-Scale Circulation
resolves10.1023/B:JOCE.0000038325.36306.95
Decadal-Scale Climate and Ecosystem Interactions in the North Pacific Ocean
resolves10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2215:DCVITN>2.0.CO;2
Decadal Climate Variability in the North Pacific during the Recent Decades
resolves10.1029/97JC03424
ENSO theory
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3853:EVOTPD>2.0.CO;2
ENSO-Forced Variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
resolves10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0699:SEITEO>2.0.CO;2
Sampling Errors in the Estimation of Empirical Orthogonal Functions
resolves10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.016
North Pacific regime shifts: Definitions, issues and recent transitions
resolves10.1029/2003GL017528
A new climate regime in northeast pacific ecosystems
resolves10.1038/322236a0
Unusual conditions in the tropical Atlantic Ocean in 1984
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1173:CBTPOT>2.0.CO;2
Connections between the Pacific Ocean Tropics and Midlatitudes on Decadal Timescales
resolves10.1175/2459.1
Kuroshio Extension Variability and Forcing of the Pacific Decadal Oscillations: Responses and Potential Feedback
resolves10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.036
Eddy-mean flow interaction in the decadally modulating Kuroshio Extension system
resolves10.1175/JCLI3253.1
The Aleutian Low and Winter Climatic Conditions in the Bering Sea. Part I: Classification*
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3285:SOITDC>2.0.CO;2
Structure of Interannual-to-Decadal Climate Variability in the Tropical Atlantic Sector
resolves10.1175/JCLI3527.1
The Forcing of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation*
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0586:AONPDV>2.0.CO;2
Anatomy of North Pacific Decadal Variability
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<4249:WDSITL>2.0.CO;2
Wind-Driven Shifts in the Latitude of the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension and Generation of SST Anomalies on Decadal Timescales*
resolves10.1029/2009GL040313
Tropical origins of North and South Pacific decadal variability
resolves10.1175/1520-0442-16.10.1495
Extended Reconstruction of Global Sea Surface Temperatures Based on COADS Data (1854–1997)
resolves10.1175/2007JCLI2100.1
Improvements to NOAA’s Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006)
resolves10.1175/2008JCLI2561.1
Forced and Internal Twentieth-Century SST Trends in the North Atlantic*
resolves10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2
A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2679:ICITEM>2.0.CO;2
Interdecadal Changes in the ENSO–Monsoon System
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<1317:ESIGUO>2.0.CO;2
ENSO Signals in Global Upper-Ocean Temperature
resolves10.1002/qj.49710243310
Spatial and temporal variations of the Southern Oscillation
resolves10.1175/JCLI3365.1
The Contribution of the Interannual ENSO Cycle to the Spatial Pattern of Decadal ENSO-Like Variability*
resolves10.1029/2001GL013435
Footprinting: A seasonal connection between the tropics and mid‐latitudes
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<2668:TSFMIT>2.0.CO;2
The Seasonal Footprinting Mechanism in the Pacific: Implications for ENSO*
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1586:TSOTSO>2.0.CO;2
Temporal Structure of the Southern Oscillation as Revealed by Waveform and Wavelet Analysis
resolves10.1029/2010GL042743
Is the basin‐wide warming in the North Atlantic Ocean related to atmospheric carbon dioxide and global warming?
resolves10.1029/2009GL037929
Decadal variability of twentieth‐century El Niño and La Niña occurrence from observations and IPCC AR4 coupled models
resolves10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0671:EOAOPS>2.0.CO;2
Empirical Orthogonal Analysis of Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures
resolves10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1
Global Warming Pattern Formation: Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall*
resolves10.1002/joc.1172
Regime shift in the global sea‐surface temperatures: its relation to El Niño–southern oscillation events and dominant variation modes
resolves10.1029/2004GL021731
Pacific decadal variability and decadal ENSO amplitude modulation
resolves10.1038/nature08316
El Niño in a changing climate
resolves10.1175/2010JCLI3688.1
Relationships between Extratropical Sea Level Pressure Variations and the Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific Types of ENSO
resolves10.1175/2010JCLI3171.1
Subtropics-Related Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Central Equatorial Pacific
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1567:AIITEA>2.0.CO;2
Air–Sea Interaction in the Equatorial Atlantic Region
resolves10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1004:ELIV>2.0.CO;2
ENSO-like Interdecadal Variability: 1900–93
The 8 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedRegime shifts
no DOI — not checkedBiological consequences of interannual to multidecadal variability
no DOI — not checkedGlobal modes of ENSO and non-ENSO sea surface temperature variability and their association with climate
no DOI — not checkedEl Niño and La Niña: Causes and global consequences
no DOI — not checkedEl Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation
no DOI — not checkedThe Oceans, Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology
no DOI — not checkedWorld weather V
no DOI — not checkedMonitoring ENSO in COADS with a seasonally adjusted principal component index
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a publisher retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

checked 2026-07-14 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record

Embed this badge

Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.

<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1175/2011JCLI3941.1"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1175/2011JCLI3941.1/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[![CiteStamped reference-health badge](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1175/2011JCLI3941.1/badge.svg)](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.1175/2011JCLI3941.1)