Reference health
Evaluating the Evidence on Union Employment and Wages
15/15 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-07
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 15 checked references that resolve
resolves10.3386/w2267
The Decline of Unionization in the United States: What can Be Learned from Recent Experience?
resolves10.1257/jep.2.2.63
Contraction and Expansion: The Divergence of Private Sector and Public Sector Unionism in the United States
resolves10.2307/145872
Nominal and Real Union Wage Differentials and the Effects of Industry and SMSA Density: 1973-83
resolves10.1007/978-94-017-1371-9_1
Changes over Time in the Union-Nonunion Wage Differential in the United States
resolves10.2307/3312290
The Law and Economics of Collective Bargaining: An Introduction and Application to the Problems of Subcontracting, Partial Closure, and Relocation
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedbibr1-001979399004400103
no DOI — not checkedHuman Resources and the Performance of the Firm
no DOI — not checkedBils Mark. 1989. “Indexation and Contract Length in Unionized U.S. Manufacturing.” Paper prepared for the Wage Structure Conference at the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2–3.
no DOI — not checkedbibr6-001979399004400103
no DOI — not checkedbibr8-001979399004400103
no DOI — not checkedbibr9-001979399004400103
no DOI — not checkedbibr13-001979399004400103
no DOI — not checkedUnemployment and the Structure of Labor Markets
no DOI — not checkedUnion Relative Wage Effects: A Survey
no DOI — not checkedbibr20-001979399004400103
no DOI — not checkedMaking America Poorer: The Cost of Labor Law
no DOI — not checkedStephan Paula E., and Kaufman Bruce E. 1986. “Factors Leading to a Decline in Union Win Rates: 1973–1981.” Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting (New Orleans, December 28–30, 1986). Madison, Wis.: Industrial Relations Research Association, pp. 296–330.
no DOI — not checkedUnion Sourcebook: Membership, Structure, Finance, Directory
no DOI — not checkedbibr28-001979399004400103
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-07 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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