Reference health
Short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids: environmental concerns and a regulatory strategy under REACH
60/60 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-25
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 60 checked references that resolve
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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Terminology, classification, and origins
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Systematic determination of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in outdoor jackets
resolves10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.013
Global emission inventories for C4–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) homologues from 1951 to 2030, Part I: production and emissions from quantifiable sources
resolves10.1021/es504347u
Decades-Scale Degradation of Commercial, Side-Chain, Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers in Soils and Water
resolves10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.031
The developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives
resolves10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.021
Fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their potential precursors
resolves10.1071/EN10144
Reconciling measurement and modelling studies of the sources and fate of perfluorinated carboxylates
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.044
Helsingør Statement on poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs)
resolves10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.034
Perfluoroalkyl substances assessment in drinking waters from Brazil, France and Spain
resolves10.1080/10934529.2013.719431
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in mineral water and tap water
resolves10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.011
Analysis of perfluoroalkyl substances in waters from Germany and Spain
resolves10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.045
Perfluoroalkyl substances in the Ebro and Guadalquivir river basins (Spain)
resolves10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.043
Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in alpine snow
resolves10.1021/acs.est.6b01197
Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) and Selected Precursors in the Baltic Sea Environment: Do Precursors Play a Role in Food Web Accumulation of PFAAs?
resolves10.1021/acs.est.6b04021
Degradation of Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers Contributes to the Global Occurrence of Fluorotelomer Alcohol and Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates: A Combined Dynamic Substance Flow and Environmental Fate Modeling Analysis
resolves10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.019
Influence of contaminated drinking water on perfluoroalkyl acid levels in human serum – A case study from Uppsala, Sweden
resolves10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.04.012
The search for alternative aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) with a low environmental impact: Physiological and transcriptomic effects of two Forafac® fluorosurfactants in turbot
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.035
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in consumer products in Norway – A pilot study
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.049
Occurrence of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in personal care products and compounding agents
resolves10.1186/2190-4715-24-16
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) — main concerns and regulatory developments in Europe from an environmental point of view
resolves10.1002/etc.3750
Aerobic biodegradation of 2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide–based aqueous film–forming foam components produces perfluoroalkyl carboxylates
resolves10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.044
The precautionary principle and chemicals management: The example of perfluoroalkyl acids in groundwater
resolves10.1071/EN10143
Using COSMOtherm to predict physicochemical properties of poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs)
resolves10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.011
Transport of perfluoroalkyl acids in a water-saturated sediment column investigated under near-natural conditions
resolves10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.221
Short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances in the water, suspended particulate matter, and surface sediment of a turbid river
resolves10.1039/C0EM00373E
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the aquatic environment: a review of their occurrence and fate
resolves10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.079
Concentrations and patterns of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a river and three drinking water treatment plants near and far from a major production source
resolves10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.022
Sorption of short- and long-chain perfluoroalkyl surfactants on sewage sludges
resolves10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.045
Behaviour and fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water treatment: A review
resolves10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.043
Efficient treatment of perfluorohexanoic acid by nanofiltration followed by electrochemical degradation of the NF concentrate
resolves10.1016/j.envpol.2011.10.027
Fate of a broad spectrum of perfluorinated compounds in soils and biota from Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica
resolves10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.004
Seasonal accumulation of persistent organic pollutants on a high altitude glacier in the Eastern Alps
resolves10.1021/acs.est.5b06076
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Marine Mammals from the South China Sea and Their Temporal Changes 2002–2014: Concern for Alternatives of PFOS?
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.006
Spatial and temporal trends in perfluorooctanoic and perfluorohexanoic acid in well, surface, and tap water around a fluoropolymer plant in Osaka, Japan
resolves10.1186/2047-2382-4-3
What is the effect of phasing out long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in the environment? A systematic review protocol
resolves10.1002/etc.2663
Fate and effects of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the aquatic environment: A review
resolves10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.013
Comparison of the toxicokinetic behavior of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid (PFBS) in cynomolgus monkeys and rats
resolves10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.004
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [1-14C]-perfluorohexanoate ([14C]-PFHx) in rats and mice
resolves10.1021/jf405827u
Toxicokinetics of Seven Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic and Carboxylic Acids in Pigs Fed a Contaminated Diet
resolves10.1021/es9034733
A Time Trend Study of Significantly Elevated Perfluorocarboxylate Levels in Humans after Using Fluorinated Ski Wax
resolves10.1002/etc.647
Strong associations of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids with serum albumin and investigation of binding mechanisms
resolves10.1007/s00204-008-0359-x
Fluorescence study on site-specific binding of perfluoroalkyl acids to human serum albumin
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.062
Tissue distribution of 35S-labelled perfluorobutanesulfonic acid in adult mice following dietary exposure for 1–5days
resolves10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00042
Radiosynthesis and Biological Distribution of <sup>18</sup>F-Labeled Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances
resolves10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.03.001
Recent experimental results of effects of perfluoroalkyl substances in laboratory animals – Relation to current regulations and guidance values
resolves10.1021/es403094q
Uptake of Perfluoroalkyl Acids into Edible Crops via Land Applied Biosolids: Field and Greenhouse Studies
resolves10.1021/es302398u
Uptake of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids by Hydroponically Grown Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>)
resolves10.1021/jf500674j
Root Uptake and Translocation of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids by Three Hydroponically Grown Crops
resolves10.1021/es201353v
Biomagnification of Perfluorinated Compounds in a Remote Terrestrial Food Chain: Lichen–Caribou–Wolf
resolves10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.004
Bioaccumulation of emerging organic compounds (perfluoroalkyl substances and halogenated flame retardants) by earthworm in biosolid amended soils
resolves10.1007/s00103-016-2508-3
Fortschreibung der vorläufigen Bewertung von per- und polyfluorierten Chemikalien (PFC) im Trinkwasser
resolves10.1021/es504150h
Perfluoroalkyl Acid Uptake in Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) and Strawberry (<i>Fragaria ananassa</i>) Irrigated with Reclaimed Water
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedSiegemund G, Schwertfeger W, Feiring A, Smart B, Behr F, Vogel H, McKusick B, Kirsch P (2000) Fluorine compounds, organic. Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
no DOI — not checkedSwedish Chemicals Agency (2015) Occurrence and use of highly fluorinated substances and alternatives.
www.kemi.se/en/global/rapporter/2015/report-7-15-occurrence-and-use-of-highly-fluorinated-substances-and-alternatives.pdf
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no DOI — not checkedEriksson U, Haglund P, Kärrman A (2017) Screening of PFASs in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants. Swedish Chemicals Agency.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:naturvardsverket:diva-6900
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no DOI — not checkedFischer S, Lilja K, Ahrens L, Wiberg K (2016) Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances on the market and in the Swedish environment. Norman Bull 5:6–9
no DOI — not checkedBowman JS (2015) Fluorotechnology is critical to modern life: the FluoroCouncil counterpoint to the Madrid Statement. Environ Health Perspect 123:A112
no DOI — not checkedAhrens L. RJ, Axelson S., Kallenborn R (2016) Source tracking and impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances at Svalbard. Svalbard Environ Prot Fund.
https://www.sysselmannen.no/link/036987d037924f23a96a0a05304596f3.aspx
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no DOI — not checkedKlein M, Wanner A, Körner W, Sengl M, Diemer J, Lepper H (2016) Untersuchung zur Akkumulation verschiedener persistenter Schadstoffe in terrestrischen Wildtieren (in German). Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt.
http://www.bestellen.bayern.de/shoplink/lfu_all_00136.htm
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no DOI — not checkedPoulsen PB, Jensen AA, Wallström E, Aps E (2005) More environmentally friendly alternatives to PFOS-compounds and PFOA. Danish Ministry of the Environment, project no. 1013.
http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2005/87-7614-668-5/pdf/87-7614-669-3.pdf
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no DOI — not checkedNorwegian Environment Agency (2017) Investigation of sources to PFBS in the environment. M-759/2017.
http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/Documents/publikasjoner/M759/M759.pdf
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no DOI — not checkedKjølholt J, Jensen A, Warming M (2015) Short-chain Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): a literature review of information on human health effects and environmental fate and effect aspects of short-chain PFAS. Danish Ministry of the Environment. Project no. 1707.
https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2015/05/978-87-93352-15-5.pdf
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no DOI — not checkedUNEP (2016) Consolidated guidance on alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its related chemicals.
http://chm.pops.int/Implementation/PFOS/Guidance/tabid/5225/Default.aspx
. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
no DOI — not checkedParsons JR, Sáez M, Dolfing J, de Voogt P (2008) Biodegradation of perfluorinated compounds. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 196:53–71
no DOI — not checkedLundgren S (2014) Evaluation of the efficiency of treatment techniques in removing perfluoroalkyl substances from water. Dissertation, Uppsala University.
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231195
no DOI — not checkedCitizen information Rastatt.
http://www.landkreis-rastatt.de/,Lde/PFC.html
. Accessed 15 Jan 2018
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