Reference health
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort
39/39 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-25
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
10 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 39 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1002/em.10046
Smoking (active and passive) and breast cancer: Epidemiologic evidence up to June 2001
resolves10.1136/tc.2010.035931
Active smoking and secondhand smoke increase breast cancer risk: the report of the Canadian Expert Panel on Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk (2009)
resolves10.1038/sj.bjc.6600596
Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer – collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58 515 women with breast cancer and 95 067 women without the disease
resolves10.1007/s10552-013-0213-1
Smoking duration before first childbirth: an emerging risk factor for breast cancer? Results from 302,865 Norwegian women
resolves10.1002/ijc.28508
Active and passive cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort
resolves10.1136/bmj.d1016
Association of active and passive smoking with risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study
resolves10.1007/s10549-015-3628-4
Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis
resolves10.1038/bjc.2014.132
Cigarette smoking and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a prospective cohort
resolves10.1093/jnci/djt023
Active Smoking and Breast Cancer Risk: Original Cohort Data and Meta-Analysis
resolves10.1038/bjc.2016.154
The fraction of breast cancer attributable to smoking: The Norwegian women and cancer study 1991–2012
resolves10.1093/jnci/djh002
Active Smoking, Household Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer: Evidence From the California Teachers Study
resolves10.1007/s10549-006-9255-3
Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: update of a prospective cohort study
resolves10.1158/1055-9965.398.13.3
A Prospective Study of Smoking and Risk of Breast Cancer in Young Adult Women
resolves10.1038/bjc.2011.337
The Breakthrough Generations Study: design of a long-term UK cohort study to investigate breast cancer aetiology
resolves10.2307/2683166
The Likelihood Ratio, Wald, and Lagrange Multiplier Tests: An Expository Note
resolves10.1007/s10552-005-2906-6
The Relationship Between Various Measures of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Breast Cancer Among Older Women 65–79 years of Age (United States)
resolves10.1093/aje/kwr192
Interaction Between Smoking and Obesity and the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
resolves10.1093/aje/kwv092
Smoking and Risk of Breast Cancer in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Population of Mainly Women Who Do Not Drink Alcohol
resolves10.1016/j.canep.2014.05.007
Active cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study
resolves10.1097/00001648-200203000-00007
Active and Passive Smoking in Breast Cancer: Prospective Results from the Nurses’ Health Study
resolves10.1016/S0748-7983(03)00010-6
Breast cancer risk among the survivors of atomic bomb and patients exposed to therapeutic ionising radiation
resolves10.1038/bjc.2013.219
Breast cancer risk following Hodgkin lymphoma radiotherapy in relation to menstrual and reproductive factors
resolves10.1007/s10549-007-9621-9
Smoking and risk of breast cancer in carriers of mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 aged less than 50 years
resolves10.1093/jnci/dju091
Modifiers of Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
resolves10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0598
Cigarette Smoking, <i>N-Acetyltransferase 2</i> Genotypes, and Breast Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis and Meta-analysis
resolves10.1002/ijc.11432
Interactions between genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450‐1B1, sulfotransferase 1A1, catechol‐o‐methyltransferase and tobacco exposure in breast cancer risk
resolves10.1002/ijc.30859
Gene–environment interactions involving functional variants: Results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium
resolves10.1002/ijc.29188
Investigation of gene‐environment interactions between 47 newly identified breast cancer susceptibility loci and environmental risk factors
resolves10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67137-1
NAT2 slow acetylation, GSTM1 null genotype, and risk of bladder cancer: results from the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study and meta-analyses
The 10 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedIARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Personal habits and indoor combustions. Volume 100 E. A review of human carcinogens. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2012;100(Pt E):1–538.
no DOI — not checkedNational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014.
no DOI — not checkedTerry PD, Rohan TE. Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women: a review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002;11(10 Pt 1):953–71.
no DOI — not checkedIARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2004;83:1–1438.
no DOI — not checkedGaudet MM, Carter BD, Brinton LA, Falk RT, Gram IT, Luo J, Milne RL, Nyante SJ, Weiderpass E, Beane Freeman LE, et al. Pooled analysis of active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk in 14 cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(3):881–93.
no DOI — not checkedXue F, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Michels KB. Cigarette smoking and the incidence of breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(2):125–33.
no DOI — not checkedStataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2015.
no DOI — not checkedColditz GA, Frazier AL. Models of breast cancer show that risk is set by events of early life: prevention efforts must shift focus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4(5):567–71.
no DOI — not checkedCouch FJ, Cerhan JR, Vierkant RA, Grabrick DM, Therneau TM, Pankratz VS, Hartmann LC, Olson JE, Vachon CM, Sellers TA. Cigarette smoking increases risk for breast cancer in high-risk breast cancer families. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10(4):327–32.
no DOI — not checkedIshibe N, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Kelsey KT, Hunter DJ. Cigarette smoking, cytochrome P450 1A1 polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study. Cancer Res. 1998;58(4):667–71.
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