Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known
work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction,
withdrawal, or removal notice.
The 49 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedIFN-β Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993;43:655-661.
no DOI — not checkedPaty DW, Li DKB, UBC MS/MRI Study Group, IFN-β Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 1993;43:662-667.
no DOI — not checkedJacobs L, Cookfair D, Rudick R, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996;39:285-294.
no DOI — not checkedFernández O, Antiquëdad A, Arbizu T, et al. Treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with natural interferon beta: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Multiple Sclerosis 1995;1:S67-S69.
no DOI — not checkedStinissen P, Raus J, Zhang J. Autoimmune pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: role of autoreactive T lymphocytes and new immunotherapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Immunol 1997;17:33-75.
no DOI — not checkedHohlfeld R. Biotechnological agents for the immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis. Principles, problems and perspectives. Brain 1997;120:865-916.
no DOI — not checkedHall GL, Compston A, Scolding NJ. Beta-interferon and multiple sclerosis. Trends Neurosci 1997;20:63-67.
no DOI — not checkedThompson CB, Allison JP. The emerging role of CTLA-4 as an immune attenuator. Immunity 1997;7:445-450.
no DOI — not checkedYong VW, Antel JP. Major histocompatibility complex molecules on glial cells. Semin Neurosci 1992;4:231-240.
no DOI — not checkedBarna BP, Chou SM, Jacobs B, Yen-Lieberman B, Ransohoff RM. Interferon-β impairs induction of HLA-DR antigen expression in cultured adult human astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 1989;23:45-53.
no DOI — not checkedGenc K, Dona DL, Reder AT. Increased CD80(+) B cells in active multiple sclerosis and reversal by interferon beta-1b. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2664-2671.
no DOI — not checkedTrinchieri G. Immunobiology of interleukin-12. Immunol Res 1998;17:269-278.
no DOI — not checkedChen Y, Kuchroo VK, Inobe J, Hafler DA, Weiner HL. Regulatory T cell clones induced by oral tolerance: suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Science 1994;265:1237-1240.
no DOI — not checkedCorreale J, Gilmore W, McMillan M, et al. Patterns of cytokine secretion by autoreactive proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones during the course of multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 1995;154:2959-2968.
no DOI — not checkedRieckmann P, Albrecht M, Kitze B, et al. Tumor necrosis factor- a messenger RNA expression in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with disease activity. Ann Neurol 1995;37:82-88.
no DOI — not checkedNicoletti F, Patti F, Cocuzza C, et al. Elevated serum levels of interleukin-12 in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1996;70:87-90.
no DOI — not checkedGenain CP, Abel K, Belmar N, et al. Late complications of immune deviation therapy in a nonhuman primate. Science 1996;274:2054-2057.
no DOI — not checkedRudick RA, Ransohoff RM, Peppler R, Medendorp SV, Lehmann P, Alam J. Interferon beta induces interleukin-10 expression: relevance to multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1996;40:618-627.
no DOI — not checkedMcRae BL, Picker LJ, van Seventer GA. Human recombinant interferon-β influences T helper subset differentiation by regulating cytokine secretion pattern and expression of homing receptors. Eur J Immunol 1997;27:2650-2656.
no DOI — not checkedLouis J-C, Magal E, Takayama S, Varon S. CNTF protection of oligodendrocytes against natural and tumor necrosis factorα-induced death. Science 1993;259:689-692.
no DOI — not checkedJenkins HG, Ikeda H. Tumor necrosis factor causes an increase in axonal transport of protein and demyelination in the mouse optic nerve. J Neurol Sci 1992;108:99-104.
no DOI — not checkedLiu J, Marion MW, Wong G, et al. TNF is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. Nat Med 1998;4:78-83.
no DOI — not checkedYednock T, Cannon C, Fritz L, Sanchez-Madrid F, Steinman L, Karin N. Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against α4β1 integrin. Nature 1992;356:63-66.
no DOI — not checkedKuchroo V, Martin C, Greer J, Ju ST, Sobel RA, Dorf ME. Cytokines and adhesion molecules contribute to the ability of myelin proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones to mediate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 1993;151:4371-4382.
no DOI — not checkedBaron JL, Madri JA, Ruddle NH, Hashim G, Janeway Jr CA. Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma. J Exp Med 1993;177:57-68.
no DOI — not checkedStone LA, Frank JA, Albert PS, et al. The effect of interferon-β on blood-brain barrier disruptions demonstrated by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995;37:611-619.
no DOI — not checkedButcher EC, Picker LJ. Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science 1996;272:60-66.
no DOI — not checkedCampbell JJ, Hedrick J, Zlotnik A, Siani MA, Thompson DA, Butcher EC. Chemokines and the arrest of lymphocytes rolling under flow conditions. Science 1998;279:381-384.
no DOI — not checkedCannella B, Cross AH, Raine CS. Adhesion-related molecules in the CNS. Upregulation correlates with inflammatory cell influx during relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lab Invest 1991;65:23-31.
no DOI — not checkedCannella B, Raine C. The adhesion molecule and cytokine profile of multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol 1995;37:424-435.
no DOI — not checkedCalabresi PA, Tranquill LR, Dambrosia JM, et al. Increases in soluble VCAM-1 correlate with a decrease in MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon β-1b. Ann Neurol 1997;41:669-674.
no DOI — not checkedCorsini E, Gelati M, Dufour A, et al. Effects of beta-IFN-1b treatment in MS patients on adhesion between PBMNCs, HUVECs and MS-HBECs: an in vivo and in vitro study. J Neuroimmunol 1997;79:76-83.
no DOI — not checkedDhib-Jalbut S, Jiang H, Williams GJ. The effect of interferon β-1b on lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. J Neuroimmunol 1996;71:215-222.
no DOI — not checkedLuster AD. Chemokines-chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation. N Engl J Med 1998;338:436-445.
no DOI — not checkedKunkel SL, Strieter RM, Lindley IJD, Westwick J. Chemokines-new ligands, receptors and activities. Immunol Today 1996;16:559-561.
no DOI — not checkedRansohoff RM, Hamilton TA, Tani M, et al. Astrocyte expression of mRNA encoding cytokines IP-10 and JE/MCP-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 1993;7:592-600.
no DOI — not checkedBerman JW, Guida MP, Warren J, Amat J, Brosnan CF. Localization of monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 expression in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and trauma in the rat. J Immunol 1996;156:3017-3023.
no DOI — not checkedKarpus WJ, Lukacs NW, McRae BL, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Miller SD. An important role for the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in the pathogenesis of the T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 1995;155:5003-5010.
no DOI — not checkedMiyagishi R, Kikuchi S, Fukazawa T, Tashiro K. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders. J Neurol Sci 1995;129:223-227.
no DOI — not checkedBennetts BH, Teutsch SM, Buhler MM, Heard RN, Stewart GJ. The CCR5 deletion mutation fails to protect against multiple sclerosis. Hum Immunol 1997;58:52-59.
no DOI — not checkedYong VW, Krekoski CA, Forsyth PA, Bell R, Edwards DR. Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the central nervous system. Trends Neurosci 1998;21:75-80.
no DOI — not checkedMatrisian LM. The matrix-degrading metalloproteases. Bioessays 1992;14:455-463.
no DOI — not checkedLeppert D, Waubant E, Galardy R, Bunnett NW, Hauser SL. T cell gelatinases mediate basement membrane transmigration in vitro. J Immunol 1995;154:4379-4389.
no DOI — not checkedMaeda A, Sobel RA. Matrix metalloproteinases in the normal human central nervous system, microglial nodules, and multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1996;55:300-309.
no DOI — not checkedStuve O, Chabot S, Jung SS, Williams G, Yong VW. Chemokine-enhanced migration of T lymphocytes is antagonized by interferon beta-1b through an effect on matrix metalloproteinase-9 J Neuroimmunol 1997;80:38-46.
no DOI — not checkedPollard JD, Westland KW, Harvey GK, et al. Activated T cells of nonneuronal specificity open the blood-nerve barrier to circulating antibody. Ann Neurol 1994;37:467-475.
no DOI — not checkedRosenberg GA, Kornfeld M, Estrada E, Kelley RO, Liotta LA, Stetler-Stevenson WG. TIMP-2 reduces proteolytic opening of blood-brain barrier by type IV collagenase. Brain Res 1992;576:203-207.
no DOI — not checkedBoutros T, Croze E, Yong VW. Interferon-β is a potent promoter of nerve growth factor production by astrocytes. J Neurochem 1997;69:939-946.
no DOI — not checkedTrapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, Rudick R, Mork S, Bo L. Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 1998;338:278-285.
checked 2026-07-23 — re-checked daily as this page is visited;
titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The
badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.