Reference health
Experimental Characterizations and Swelling Studies of Natural and Activated Bentonites with Their Commercial Applications
21/21 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
6 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 21 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.103
Effect of clay–water interactions on clay swelling by X-ray diffraction
resolves10.1016/S0167-6636(03)00070-X
Volume change behaviour of clays: the influence of mineral composition, pore fluid composition and stress state
resolves10.1016/j.pce.2003.12.001
Analysis of the porewater chemical composition of a Spanish compacted bentonite used in an engineered barrier
resolves10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.04.003
Long-term barrier performance of modified bentonite materials against sodium and calcium permeant solutions
resolves10.1016/j.clay.2008.09.007
Fe(III)-montmorillonite: Basic properties and diffusion of tracers relevant to alteration of bentonite in deep geological disposal
resolves10.1016/S0169-1317(02)00146-1
The effects of exchanged cation, compression, heating and hydration on textural properties of bulk bentonite and its corresponding purified montmorillonite
resolves10.1016/j.clay.2006.12.004
Swelling and cation exchange capacity relationship for the samples obtained from a bentonite by acid activations and heat treatments
resolves10.1016/j.cis.2008.04.001
Evaluation of the organization of the homoionic smectite layers (Na+ or Ca2+) in diluted dispersions using granulometry, microscopy and rheometry
resolves10.1016/j.clay.2007.03.002
Evidence of a critical content in Fe(0) on FoCa7 bentonite reactivity at 80 °C
resolves10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460201
State and Location of Water Adsorbed on Clay Minerals: Consequences of the Hydration and Swelling-Shrinkage Phenomena
resolves10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00143-0
Temperature effects on the volume change behaviour of Boom clay
resolves10.1016/j.clay.2004.11.001
In situ observations of the swelling of bentonite aggregates in NaCl solution
resolves10.1016/j.clay.2003.12.010
Modelling bentonite–water interactions at high solid/liquid ratios: swelling and diffuse double layer effects
resolves10.1016/S0169-1317(02)00159-X
Swelling characteristics of fractal-textured bentonite and its mixtures
resolves10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:7(931)
Comparison of Methods for Determining Specific Surface Area of Soils
The 6 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedASTM International ed.; “Standard Test Method for Methylene Blue Index of Clay,” Designation, ASTM C 837-99, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, U.S.A. (1999)
no DOI — not checkedASTM International ed.; “Standard Test Method for Swell Index of Clay Mineral Component Of Geosynthetic Clay Liners,” Designation, ASTM D 5890-02, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, U.S.A. (2002)
no DOI — not checked4
no DOI — not checkedKatsumi, T., A. Ogawa and R. Fukagawa; “Effect of Chemical Solutions on Hydraulic Barrier Performance of Clay Geosynthetic Barriers,” Proc. of the 3rd European Conference on Geosynthetics, pp. 701–706, Munich, Germany (2004)
no DOI — not checkedWypych, F. and K. G. Satyanarayana; Clay Surfaces: Fundamentals and Applications, Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, U.K. (2004)
no DOI — not checked27
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