Reference health
Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor
36/36 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-23
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
6 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 36 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2166/wst.2017.164
Comparative evaluation of conventional and microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste for value recovery
resolves10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.010
Characterization of solid fuel chars recovered from microwave hydrothermal carbonization of human biowaste
resolves10.1007/s12649-020-01220-0
Pyrolysis of Dry Toilet Substrate as a Means of Nutrient Recycling in Agricultural Systems: Potential Risks and Benefits
resolves10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111635
Phytotoxicity of hydrochars obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of manure-based digestate
resolves10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.009
The story of phosphorus: Global food security and food for thought
resolves10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.032
Towards global phosphorus security: A systems framework for phosphorus recovery and reuse options
resolves10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.064
Process energetics for the hydrothermal carbonisation of human faecal wastes
resolves10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.090
Kinetics of faecal biomass hydrothermal carbonisation for hydrochar production
resolves10.1080/10643389.2013.866531
Global Phosphorus Scarcity and Full-Scale P-Recovery Techniques: A Review
resolves10.1007/s11783-017-0930-x
Hydrothermal carbonization of livestock mortality for the reduction of pathogens and microbially-derived DNA
resolves10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.086
Heat capacity measurements of various biomass types and pyrolysis residues
resolves10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.031
Faecal sludge treatment and utilization by hydrothermal carbonization
resolves10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02291
Prediction of Hydrothermal Carbonization with Respect to the Biomass Components and Severity Factor
resolves10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.084
Co-hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass and swine manure: Hydrochar properties and heavy metal transformation behavior
resolves10.4155/bfs.10.81
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residuals: a comparative review of the chemistry, processes and applications of wet and dry pyrolysis
resolves10.3390/su12208334
A Review of the Financial Value of Faecal Sludge Reuse in Low-Income Countries
resolves10.1299/jee.3.170
Modeling and Analysis of Batch-Type Thermal Sludge Pretreatment for Optimal Design
resolves10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00076-2
Struvite precipitation in anaerobic swine lagoon liquid: effect of pH and Mg:P ratio and determination of rate constant
resolves10.3390/en13020379
Feedstock-Dependent Phosphate Recovery in a Pilot-Scale Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-Crude Production
resolves10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00561
Valorization of Byproducts from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sewage Sludge and Manure: the Development of a Struvite-Producing Unit for Nutrient Recovery
resolves10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.068
On wet chemical phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash by acidic or alkaline leaching and an optimized combination of both
resolves10.2166/wst.2008.022
Effects of various process parameters on struvite precipitation kinetics and subsequent determination of rate constants
resolves10.2166/washdev.2019.099
Anaerobic stabilisation of urine diverting dehydrating toilet faeces (UDDT-F) in urban poor settlements: biochemical energy recovery
resolves10.3390/en13215733
Comparative Studies on Water- and Vapor-Based Hydrothermal Carbonization: Process Analysis
resolves10.2166/washdev.2014.213
Faecal sludge drying beds: increasing drying rates for fuel resource recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa
resolves10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124295
Binderless fuel pellets from hydrothermal carbonization of municipal yard waste: Effect of severity factor on the hydrochar pellets properties
resolves10.1007/s42250-019-00098-3
A Comprehensive Review on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass and its Applications
resolves10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001475
Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fresh Pig Manure: Effects of Temperature on Characteristics of Hydrochars
resolves10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.005
Hydrothermal carbonization of dry toilet residues as an added-value strategy – Investigation of process parameters
resolves10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.126
Using hydrothermal carbonization for sustainable treatment and reuse of human excreta
The 6 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedUnderlying data / Hydrothermal carbonization as an alternative sanitation technology: process optimization and development of low-cost reactor.
no DOI — not checkedDesign and technical drawing of a bench-scale low-cost hydrothermal carbonization reactor.
no DOI — not checkedEffects of pH, molar ratios and pre-treatment on phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallization from effluent of anaerobically digested swine wastewater.
no DOI — not checkedHydrothermal carbonization of biowaste/fecal sludge
no DOI — not checkedFermentation of organic materials - Characterisation of the substrate, sampling, collection of material data, fermentation tests.
no DOI — not checkedProgress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2020: five years into the SDGs.
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