Reference health
Evo-devo of non-bilaterian animals
125/125 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-21
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
14 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 125 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0001031
Wnt and TGF-β Expression in the Sponge Amphimedon queenslandica and the Origin of Metazoan Embryonic Patterning
resolves10.1016/j.zool.2010.10.003
What sponges can tell us about the evolution of developmental processes
resolves10.1007/s00427-003-0345-5
Isolation and characterization of two T-box genes from sponges, the phylogenetically oldest metazoan taxon
resolves10.1186/1471-2148-10-34
The backbone of the post-synaptic density originated in a unicellular ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoans
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.10.019
Somatic stem cells express Piwi and Vasa genes in an adult ctenophore: Ancient association of “germline genes” with stemness
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0030660
Hymyc1 Downregulation Promotes Stem Cell Proliferation in Hydra vulgaris
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.12.007
Three distinct RNA localization mechanisms contribute to oocyte polarity establishment in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphærica
resolves10.1242/jeb.119412
On the origins of that most transformative of biological systems – the nervous system
resolves10.1002/dvg.20778
Position matters: Variability in the spatial pattern of BMP modulators generates functional diversity
resolves10.1038/nrg2416
The evolution of cell types in animals: emerging principles from molecular studies
resolves10.1016/0012-1606(66)90009-1
Étude expérimentale de la différenciation des cellules de l'éponge au cours de son développement
resolves10.1242/dev.01848
Formation of the head organizer in hydra involves the canonical Wnt pathway
resolves10.1002/jez.1400070102
The production of new hydranths in Hydra by the insertion of small grafts
resolves10.1007/s00427-009-0271-2
Conserved and novel gene expression between regeneration and asexual fission in Nematostella vectensis
resolves10.1080/10635150500433615
Medusozoan Phylogeny and Character Evolution Clarified by New Large and Small Subunit rDNA Data and an Assessment of the Utility of Phylogenetic Mixture Models
resolves10.1007/BF00848347
Head regeneration and polarity reversal inHydra attenuata can occur in the absence of DNA synthesis
resolves10.1186/1471-2148-12-107
Independent specialisation of myosin II paralogues in muscle vs. non-muscle functions during early animal evolution: a ctenophore perspective
resolves10.1007/s00427-007-0131-x
Ancient connection between NKL genes and the mesoderm? Insights from Tlx expression in a ctenophore
resolves10.1093/icb/ict008
Novel Scenarios of Early Animal Evolution--Is It Time to Rewrite Textbooks?
resolves10.1007/BF00357260
Ultrastructure of the ovary and oogenesis in the jellyfish Linuche unguiculata and Stomolophus meleagris, with a review of ovarian structure in the Scyphozoa
resolves10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4
Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions
resolves10.1002/bies.080058
The Homoscleromorph sponge <i>Oscarella</i><i>lobularis</i>, a promising sponge model in evolutionary and developmental biology
resolves10.1007/s00427-012-0399-3
Cellular and molecular processes leading to embryo formation in sponges: evidences for high conservation of processes throughout animal evolution
resolves10.1126/science.1206375
The Cambrian Conundrum: Early Divergence and Later Ecological Success in the Early History of Animals
resolves10.1242/dev.00804
Mechanisms of germ cell specification across the metazoans: epigenesis and preformation
resolves10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05023.x
<i>vasa</i>
and
<i>nanos</i>
expression patterns in a sea anemone and the evolution of bilaterian germ cell specification mechanisms
resolves10.1126/science.1091946
Origins of Bilateral Symmetry:
<i>Hox</i>
and
<i>Dpp</i>
Expression in a Sea Anemone
resolves10.1038/nature13881
Calcisponges have a ParaHox gene and dynamic expression of dispersed NK homeobox genes
resolves10.2307/1541468
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON EMBRYOGENESIS IN HYDROZOANS (TRACHYLINA AND SIPHONOPHORA) WITH DIRECT DEVELOPMENT
resolves10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01162.x
The stem cell system in demosponges: Insights into the origin of somatic stem cells
resolves10.1007/s00427-012-0417-5
The stem cell system in demosponges: suggested involvement of two types of cells: archeocytes (active stem cells) and choanocytes (food-entrapping flagellated cells)
resolves10.1186/2041-9139-5-43
Functional genetics for all: engineered nucleases, CRISPR and the gene editing revolution
resolves10.1242/dev.121.12.4027
Evolutionary conservation of a cell fate specification gene: the <i>Hydra achaete-scute</i> homolog has proneural activity in <i>Drosophila</i>
resolves10.1038/nature07415
Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in animals
resolves10.1093/molbev/msi150
The Trichoplax PaxB Gene: A Putative Proto-PaxA/B/C Gene Predating the Origin of Nerve and Sensory Cells
resolves10.1002/bies.20813
Compagen, a comparative genomics platform for early branching metazoan animals, reveals early origins of genes regulating stem‐cell differentiation
resolves10.1002/jez.b.21386
New insights on ctenophore neural anatomy: Immunofluorescence study in <i>Pleurobrachia pileus</i> (Müller, 1776)
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0084363
Evidence for Involvement of Wnt Signalling in Body Polarities, Cell Proliferation, and the Neuro-Sensory System in an Adult Ctenophore
resolves10.1007/s00427-004-0390-8
The Trox-2 Hox/ParaHox gene of Trichoplax (Placozoa) marks an epithelial boundary
resolves10.1159/000095204
Nerve Ring of the Hypostome in Hydra: Is It an Origin of the Central Nervous System of Bilaterian Animals?
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.017
Migration and differentiation potential of stem cells in the cnidarian Hydractinia analysed in eGFP-transgenic animals and chimeras
resolves10.1007/s00435-010-0117-5
Oogenesis and spermatogenesis in Paraleucilla magna (Porifera, Calcarea)
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0005823
WNT/β-Catenin Signalling and Epithelial Patterning in the Homoscleromorph Sponge Oscarella
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.01.018
Maternally localized germ plasm mRNAs and germ cell/stem cell formation in the cnidarian Clytia
resolves10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.009
RGM Regulates BMP-Mediated Secondary Axis Formation in the Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis
resolves10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.05.002
A WNT of things to come: Evolution of Wnt signaling and polarity in cnidarians
resolves10.1038/ncomms4905
Developmental gene expression provides clues to relationships between sponge and eumetazoan body plans
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.022
Ectopic activation of the canonical wnt signaling pathway affects ectodermal patterning along the primary axis during larval development in the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis
resolves10.1086/BBLv191n2p290
Development and Regeneration of Comb Plates in the Ctenophore <i>Mnemiopsis leidyi</i>
resolves10.1242/dev.01119
Investigating the origins of triploblasty: `mesodermal' gene expression in a diploblastic animal, the sea anemone<i>Nematostella vectensis</i>(phylum, Cnidaria; class, Anthozoa)
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.023
Ghost Loci Imply Hox and ParaHox Existence in the Last Common Ancestor of Animals
resolves10.1242/dev.021543
A maternally localised Wnt ligand required for axial patterning in the cnidarian<i>Clytia hemisphaerica</i>
resolves10.1186/1741-7007-12-26
Evolutionary origin of gastrulation: insights from sponge development
resolves10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00231.x
Six major steps in animal evolution: are we derived sponge larvae?
resolves10.1016/j.mod.2012.03.001
The active stem cell specific expression of sponge Musashi homolog EflMsiA suggests its involvement in maintaining the stem cell state
resolves10.1186/2041-9139-1-10
Genomic insights into Wnt signaling in an early diverging metazoan, the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi
resolves10.1371/journal.pone.0024152
Evolution of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway and Its Potential Role in the Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi
resolves10.1387/ijdb.041813sp
Molecular markers for germ cell differentiation in the demosponge Suberites domuncula
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.052
Phylogenomics Revives Traditional Views on Deep Animal Relationships
resolves10.1371/journal.pbio.1000602
Resolving Difficult Phylogenetic Questions: Why More Sequences Are Not Enough
resolves10.1387/ijdb.041851jp
Cubozoan jellyfish: an Evo/Devo model for eyes and other sensory systems
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.043
Wnt signaling in hydroid development: Formation of the primary body axis in embryogenesis and its subsequent patterning
resolves10.1387/ijdb.123502gp
Hydractinia, a pioneering model for stem cell biology and reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency
resolves10.1006/mpev.2001.1036
A Molecular Phylogenetic Framework for the Phylum Ctenophora Using 18S rRNA Genes
resolves10.1126/science.1139158
Sea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization
resolves10.1073/pnas.0909148107
A muscle-specific transgenic reporter line of the sea anemone,
<i>Nematostella vectensis</i>
resolves10.1242/dev.020784
FGF signalling controls formation of the apical sensory organ in the cnidarian<i>Nematostella vectensis</i>
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.074
Sponge Genes Provide New Insight into the Evolutionary Origin of the Neurogenic Circuit
resolves10.1093/molbev/msu057
The Analysis of Eight Transcriptomes from All Poriferan Classes Reveals Surprising Genetic Complexity in Sponges
resolves10.1186/1472-6750-11-67
RNA interference in marine and freshwater sponges: actin knockdown in Tethya wilhelma and Ephydatia muelleriby ingested dsRNA expressing bacteria
resolves10.1186/1745-6150-2-37
Hox, Wnt, and the evolution of the primary body axis: insights from the early-divergent phyla
resolves10.1186/gb-2006-7-7-r64
The cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor possessed at least 56 homeoboxes: evidence from the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis
resolves10.1186/2041-9139-1-9
The homeodomain complement of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi suggests that Ctenophora and Porifera diverged prior to the ParaHoxozoa
resolves10.1073/pnas.0900151106
BMPs and Chordin regulate patterning of the directive axis in a sea anemone
resolves10.1016/j.biocel.2008.09.023
Placozoa and the evolution of Metazoa and intrasomatic cell differentiation
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.01.035
Developmental and evolutionary aspects of the basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors Atonal-like 1 and Achaete-scute homolog 2 in the jellyfish
resolves10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.11.019
Molecular characterization of the apical organ of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis
resolves10.1038/nature10249
Using the Acropora digitifera genome to understand coral responses to environmental change
resolves10.1016/j.zool.2014.06.004
Exploring the potential of small RNA subunit and ITS sequences for resolving phylogenetic relationships within the phylum Ctenophora
resolves10.1186/2041-9139-3-2
Lim homeobox genes in the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi: the evolution of neural cell type specification
resolves10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.046
Novel Cell Types, Neurosecretory Cells, and Body Plan of the Early-Diverging Metazoan Trichoplax adhaerens
resolves10.1006/dbio.2002.0616
Conservation of Brachyury, Mef2, and Snail in the Myogenic Lineage of Jellyfish: A Connection to the Mesoderm of Bilateria
resolves10.1038/nature09201
The Amphimedon queenslandica genome and the evolution of animal complexity
resolves10.1242/dev.126.5.999
<i>HyBra1</i>, a <i>Brachyury</i> homologue, acts during head formation in <i>Hydra</i>
resolves10.1111/j.1440-169X.2009.01103.x
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system
resolves10.1016/j.micron.2007.02.003
Regional and modular expression of morphogenetic factors in the demosponge Lubomirskia baicalensis
resolves10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00434.x
Wnt signaling and induction in the sponge aquiferous system: evidence for an ancient origin of the organizer
resolves10.1073/pnas.0510163103
Transgenic
<i>Hydra</i>
allow
<i>in vivo</i>
tracking of individual stem cells during morphogenesis
The 14 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedMétamorphose artificielle de larves d’Éponges, aprés dissociation et réagrégation des cellules larvaires
no DOI — not checkedref16
no DOI — not checkedGastrulation in the Cnidaria and Ctenophora
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedref46
no DOI — not checkedOn the classification and evolution of the Ctenophora
no DOI — not checkedGastrulation in sponges
no DOI — not checkedPorifera
no DOI — not checkedReproduction in Porifera: A synoptic overview
no DOI — not checkedCtenophorans, the comb jellies
no DOI — not checkedThe genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyiand its implications for cell type evolution
no DOI — not checkedÜber Induktion von Embryo-nalanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren. W Roux’s Arch Entwickl-Mech Org
no DOI — not checkedOrigin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm
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