Reference health
Grokster, Bittorrent, Copyright Infringement, and Inducement: How Modus Operandi Can Provide a Functional Standard for Future File-Sharing Cases
6/6 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-29
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
31 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 6 checked references that resolve
resolves10.3109/9780203490891-9
Histopathology of carotid stenosis: correlation between the types of plaque and the risks of neurological complications
resolves10.5354/0717-9162.2004.10745
Sistemas P2P. Comentario a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, inc., et al. V. Grokster ltd., et al.
resolves10.2307/20639409
United States v. Ed Howard, 923 F.2d 1500 (11th Cir. February 19, 1991) (1991 U.S. App. LEXIS 2565)
The 31 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedNapster's the best thing ever created,' he says. 'I don't have to spend any money.' Daniel, a Stanford comp-sci major, agrees: 'I think almost all college students use it right now
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no DOI — not checkedat C-1 ("Shipments of singles, the format that once provided the engine for the music business, plummeted last year ?[s]hipments of CD singles slid 38.8% after holding even a year earlier, according to data compiled by the Recording Industry Assn. of America. Shipments of CD albums rose 0.4% after increasing 10
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no DOI — not checkedIs BitTorrent the next big IPO?
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no DOI — not checkedwhich opened in the client's built-in browser. That site in turn offered almost 200 music files for download by top 40 recording artist Kelly Clarkson, all of whose songs are protected by copyright. The BitComet client also offered links to several other torrent sites, some of which specialize in pornographic content. See also Krysten Crawford, Feds bite BitTorrent
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no DOI — not checkedThe court differentiated between the two, noting that "[a]ll Napster search traffic went through, and relied upon, Napster, [whereas]?[w]hen users search for and initiate transfers of files using the Grokster client, they do so without any information being transmitted to or through any computers owned or controlled by Grokster
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no DOI — not checkeddescribed as Hollywood's version of the Napster scourge that rocked the music industry several years ago, has become an increasingly popular way for Internet users to get movies, songs, and video games
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no DOI — not checkedWe agree that if a computer system operator learns of specific infringing material available on his system and fails to purge such material from the system, the operator knows of and contributes to direct infringement. Conversely, absent any specific information which identifies infringing activity, a computer system operator cannot be liable for contributory infringement merely because the structure of the system allows for the exchange of copyrighted material
no DOI — not checkedThe file name indices?are within the 'premises' that Napster has the ability to police
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