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How the Millennium Development Goals are Unfair to Africa

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1080300
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10/10 checkable references clean · checked 2026-10-18

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

7 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 10 checked references that resolve
resolves10.7551/mitpress/3750.003.0004
The Growth Elasticity of Poverty Reduction: Explaining Heterogeneity across Countries and Time Periods
resolves10.1093/wbro/lkh020
How Have the World's Poorest Fared since the Early 1980s?
resolves10.2139/ssrn.549482
The Long Walk to School: International Education Goals in Historical Perspective
resolves10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.08.003
The Trouble with the MDGs: Confronting Expectations of Aid and Development Success
resolves10.1111/j.1467-923x.2005.00704.x
Our Common Interest: Report of the Commission for Africa
resolves10.1596/1813-9450-3814
A Normal Relationship ? Poverty, Growth, And Inequality
resolves10.1142/S0116110500000014
What is Pro-poor Growth?
resolves10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.02.004
When is growth pro-poor? Evidence from a panel of countries
resolves10.1596/978-0-8213-6477-2
Global Monitoring Report 2006
resolves10.1163/ej.9789004151314.i-531.47
II.2 Investing In Development: A Practical Plan To Achieve The Millennium Development Goals Un Millennium Project, 2005
The 7 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
no DOI — not checkedWhat's Wrong with the Millennium Development Goals
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedref16
no DOI — not checkedUnited Nations World Institute for Development Economics Research
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. If Crossref’s record marks the work itself retracted, withdrawn, or removed, the badge says so instead of showing clean. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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