Reference health
Why Are Firms Unlevered?
62/62 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
5 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 62 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1990.tb02441.x
Corporate Capital Structure, Agency Costs, and Ownership Control: The Case of All‐Equity Firms
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.05.004
The determinants of corporate board size and composition: An empirical analysis
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01373.x
Hedge Fund Activism, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01421.x
How and When Do Firms Adjust Their Capital Structures toward Targets?
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.02.009
The real effects of financial constraints: Evidence from a financial crisis
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01479.x
Target Behavior and Financing: How Conclusive Is the Evidence?
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1361171
Debt Financing and Financial Flexibility: Evidence from Pro-active Leverage Increases
resolves10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00140-5
The choice among bank debt, non-bank private debt, and public debt: evidence from new corporate borrowings
resolves10.1086/261775
Monitoring and Reputation: The Choice between Bank Loans and Directly Placed Debt
resolves10.1111/0022-1082.00116
Capital Structure and Corporate Control: The Effect of Antitakeover Statutes on Firm Leverage
resolves10.1016/s0304-405x(01)00044-7
The theory and practice of corporate finance: evidence from the field
resolves10.1017/cbo9780511609435.005
Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers
resolves10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x
Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure
resolves10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01115.x
Financial Flexibility, Investment Ability, and Firm Value: Evidence from Firms with Spare Debt Capacity
resolves10.2139/ssrn.269608
Financial Conservatism: Evidence on Capital Structure from Low Leverage Firms
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00766.x
Are Firms Underleveraged? An Examination of the Effect of Leverage on Default Probabilities
resolves10.1016/s0304-405x(02)00247-7
Voting with their feet: institutional ownership changes around forced CEO turnover
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01476.x
Control Rights and Capital Structure: An Empirical Investigation
resolves10.1111/0022-1082.00117
Leverage and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Unsuccessful Takeovers
resolves10.1016/0304-405x(95)00844-5
Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors
resolves10.7717/peerj.6731/fig-1
Figure 1: Map of China, showing the observed species richness for vascular plants (dark and light represent high and low richness levels, respectively).
The 5 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref5
no DOI — not checkedEndogenously chosen board of directors and their monitoring of the CEO
no DOI — not checkedCorporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction
no DOI — not checkedCredit rationing in markets with imperfect information
no DOI — not checkedIncentive effects of terminations: Applications to the credit and labor markets
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