Reference health
Stemming Inequality? Employment and Pay of Female and Minority Scientists and Engineers in the Federal and Private Sectors
1 of 39 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-10-16
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
15 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.1146/annurev.soc.21.1.45
The 38 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2307/2523795
The Effect of Gender and Race Differentials on Public-Private Wage Comparisons: A Study of Postal Workers
resolves10.1177/109114219001800205
The Effect of Establishment and Firm Size On Public Wage Differentials
resolves10.2307/2523830
An Analysis of Workers' Choice between Employment in the Public and Private Sectors
resolves10.1016/s0272-7757(02)00003-1
Earning differences by major field of study: evidence from three cohorts of recent Canadian graduates
resolves10.1177/0306312705046630
Gender, Family Characteristics, and Publication Productivity among Scientists
resolves10.2307/2524131
Gender Differences in Current and Starting Salaries: The Role of Performance, College Major, and Job Title
resolves10.1086/298182
An Analysis of Public- and Private-Sector Wages Allowing for Endogenous Choices of Both Government and Union Status
resolves10.2307/2096282
Rank Advancement in Academic Careers: Sex Differences and the Effects of Productivity
resolves10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u27218
Melling, Dr Jack, (8 Feb. 1940–7 Dec. 2024), consultant and contractor, US Government Accountability Office, Washington, since 1998
The 15 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedWage Differentials Among Regulated, Private and Government Sectors: A Case Study
no DOI — not checkedThe Productivity Puzzle: Persistence and Change in Patterns of Publication of Men and Women Scientists
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedref21
no DOI — not checkedThe Gender Salary Gap: Do Academic Achievement, Internship Experience, and College Major Make a Difference?
no DOI — not checkedStarting Salaries of College Graduates
no DOI — not checkedEarnings of College Graduates: Women Compared with Men
no DOI — not checkedA Major Difference? Fields of Study and Male-Female Pay Differences in Federal Employment
no DOI — not checkedref42
no DOI — not checkedref44
no DOI — not checkedEqual Pay in the Public Sector: Fact or Fantasy?
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedFederal Personnel: Federal/Private Sector Pay Comparisons
no DOI — not checkedref51
no DOI — not checkedSample is restricted to college graduates working full time in either the federal or private, for-profit sector. Model 1 combines STEM and non-STEM workers; Model 2 includes only STEM workers, and Model 3 includes only non-STEM workers. Models include highest degree (three dummy variables), age, age-squared, disability status, citizenship status, limited English proficiency, state of residence, and 23, 4, or 22 broad occupational categories. The business and finance occupational group is the reference group for the occupational groups in Model 1. Employees of private, for-profit firms are the reference group in Models 2 and 3. The dependent variable is the natural logarithm of salary
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