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Equity Sales in Belgian Corporate Groups: Expropriation of Minority Shareholders?
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no DOI — not checkedEarnings, adaptation and equity value
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no DOI — not checkedAll accounting figures are at fiscal year-end immediately preceding the announcement of the related party or arms' length transactions. Prices, book values and earnings of the traded assets are scaled by the market capitalization of the parent firm. We assign the traded assets to an industry by matching their business description to the business description of a corresponding 2-digit SIC code. Related party deal is a dummy variable indicating that the deal is conducted between the publicly listed firm and a related party. Main shareholder ownership is the ratio of the shareholdings of the largest shareholder as a percentage of total number of shares outstanding. These shareholdings aggregate shares held in the director's name, shares held by corporations controlled by the director and shares held via other vehicles (such as trusts), provided that they are disclosed in the annual report. CEO duality is a dummy variable indicating that the same person holds the positions of chief executive officer (CEO) and chairman of the board of directors. The percentage of non-executive directors on the board is the ratio of the number of independent directors divided by total board size. Audit committee is a dummy variable indicating that the parent firm has an audit committee on the board. The number of analysts following the parent firm each fiscal year is obtained from I/B/E/S. For the remaining specifications in columns 6-8, we combine our dataset with the data used by Claessens et al. (2002) and use their variables. Family ownership is a dummy variables indicating that the firm is controlled by a family
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