Reference health
TRIPS and Compulsory Licensing: The Natco Nuance
43/43 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-06
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
159 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 43 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1093/jiel/5.2.469
The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health: Lighting a Dark Corner at the WTO
resolves10.1016/j.ibusrev.2003.09.005
The contribution of British scholarship to international business studies
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2165226
The Legal Challenges Faced by the Pharmaceutical Industry Particularly in India: An Analysis of the Compulsory Licensing System and Section 3(D) of the Patents Amendment Act 2005
resolves10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/e548
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
resolves10.1163/9789004272934_011
Corporate Social (Ir)Responsibility in Media and Communication Industries
resolves10.2139/ssrn.285934
The Trips Agreement, Access to Medicines and the WTO Doha Ministerial Conference
resolves10.1177/030981680207600112
Intellectual Property Rights, the WTO and Developing Countries: The TRIPS Agreement and Policy Options
resolves10.3115/1218955
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - ACL '04
resolves10.1163/ilwo-vi21
V.I.21 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (30 Oct 47). See Basic Document IV.C.1 in Volume 4
resolves10.1017/cbo9781316151617.019
McCulloch <i>et al</i>. <i>v</i>. Sociedad Nacional de Marineros de Honduras.
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2838959
Brief Amici Curiae of Intellectual Property Professors in Support of Petitioners
The 159 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedInternational Intellectual Property Rights Protection and the Rate of Product Innovation
no DOI — not checkedThe TRIPs Agreement: Is it beneficial to the Developing World, or simply a tool used to protect Pharmaceutical Profits for Developed World Manufacturers?
no DOI — not checkedPerspectives on Globalization from Developing States: Neither Science Nor Shamans: Globalization of Markets and Health in the Developing World, 7 Ind
no DOI — not checkedref4
no DOI — not checkedAgreement on an Amendment to TRIPs: Improving Access to Medicines in Developing Countries
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no DOI — not checkedHow necessity may preclude state responsibility for Compulsory Licensing under the TRIPs Agreement
no DOI — not checkedThe spirit of TRIPs and the importation of medicines made under Compulsory License after the
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no DOI — not checkedThe January 1999 Review of Article 27 of the TRIPs Agreement: Diverging Views of Developed and Developing Countries Toward the Patentability of Biotechnology, 6
no DOI — not checkedHIV/AIDS Treatment" Legal and India'
no DOI — not checkedThe Doha Round Public Health Legacy: Strategies for the Production and Diffusion of Patented Medicines Under the Amended TRIPS Provisions
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no DOI — not checked)(b) of the Patents Act 1970 (India)
no DOI — not checkedIndia's Tryst with TRIPS: The Patents (Amendment) Act
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no DOI — not checkedThe move may upset Indian generic drug maker Natco Pharma Ltd's efforts to secure a compulsory licence for exporting copy
no DOI — not checkedCouncil for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsNotification under paragraph 2(a) of the Decision of 30
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no DOI — not checkedRemuneration Guidelines for a non voluntary use of a patent on medical technologies
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no DOI — not checked) allow for royalty payments for compulsory licence under Section 8. Higher royalties will apply in case of exports to countries with relatively high rankings on the United Nations Human Development Index and lower royalties will apply for countries with low rankings
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no DOI — not checkedNatco withdraws plea on making patented cancer drugs
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no DOI — not checkedGovt may use compulsory licensing for drug companies only in emergency
no DOI — not checkedIndia's Tryst with TRIPS: The Patents (Amendment) Act
no DOI — not checkedIntegrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy
no DOI — not checkedReport of the Commission of Inquiry on the Pharmaceutical Industry
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no DOI — not checkedA Brief History of the Canadian Patent System', prepared for the Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Committee
no DOI — not checkedThe Case Against Patent System in Less Developed Countries
no DOI — not checkedPharmaceuticals, Patents and Bill C-91: The Historical Perspective
no DOI — not checkedref73
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no DOI — not checkedNeeded: A New System of Intellectual Property Rights
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no DOI — not checkedPatents and Innovations: Trends and Policy Challenges
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no DOI — not checkedKeeping Science Open: The Effects of Intellectual Property Policy on the Conduct of Science
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no DOI — not checkedTRIPS and Development: Resource Book, Part Six, Transitional and Institutional Arrangements, Transitional Provisions
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no DOI — not checkedDe definitieve omzetting van de EUBiotechnologierichtlijn: van wetsontwerp naar wet
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no DOI — not checkedThis proposal aims at implementing the socalled Bolar-exemption in the European Directive and is currently submitted for advice of
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no DOI — not checkedMinisterial declaration
no DOI — not checkedou ces m�ethodes sont mis a la disposition du public en quantite et. qualite insufflsantes ou � des prix anormalement �lev�s, ou lorsque le brevet est exploit� dans des conditions contraires � 1'int�r�t de la sante publique ou constitutives de pratiques d�darees anticoncurrentielles � la suite d'une decision administrative ou juridictionnelle d�venue definitive
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no DOI — not checkedA New EC Initiative to Allow Export of Medinices under Compulsory Licences to Poor Countries
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no DOI — not checkedWhile granting certiorari on this question, sua sponte, the Court added a second question to be considered on appeal
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no DOI — not checkedSee discussion infra Part IV.B, The Right to a "Working
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no DOI — not checkedSee discussion infra Part IV
no DOI — not checked); see also infra Part VI, Resolution Here-or via the WTO in Geneva
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no DOI — not checkedbut under a definition for "monopoly" there is the following quotation from William Blackstone: "[T]he statute of monopolies, 21 Jac. I. c. 3, allows a royal patent of privilege to be granted for fourteen years to any inventor of a new manufacture, for the sole working or making of the same; by virtue whereof a temporary property becomes vested in the patentee
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no DOI — not checkedThe Development of the International Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property
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no DOI — not checkedThat act extended the privilege of the patent law to aliens, but required them "to introduce into public use in the United States the invention or improvement within one year from the issuing thereof", and indulged no intermission of the public use for any period longer than six months
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no DOI — not checkedThe Vienna Congress culminated in the Paris Convention in 1883. Id. Although the Vienna Congress produced no binding legal instrument, in 1877, the provision was adopted into the German law. Id. Article 5A(2) of the Paris Convention details that "failure to work the patent could not result in forfeiture unless compulsory licensing was an inefficient remedy. Therefore, compulsory licensing replaced forfeiture as the favored remedy to deter abuse by the patentee
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no DOI — not checkedThere was widespread support for a strong working requirement. However, the matter was not by any means unanimous. In addition to American opposition to working, the delegations of Great Britain, Russia and Turkey urged abolition of the working requirement at the 1880 conference
no DOI — not checkedref150
no DOI — not checkedPatent Rights and Local Working, under The WTO TRIPS Agreement: An Analysis of the US -Brazil Patent Dispute
no DOI — not checkedEach country of the Union shall have the right to take legislative measures providing for the grant of compulsory licenses to prevent the abuses which might result from the exercise of the exclusive rights conferred by the patent, for example, failure to work
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no DOI — not checkedThis led to creation of a Congressional commission in 1898 to study domestic implementing legislation which was finally enacted in 1902: The Paris Convention was not. . . self-executing and required implementing legislation. The bill eventually enacted by Congress had been drafted by a 200 COMPULSORY LICENSING: DEVELOPING ECONOMIES commission created by Act of Congress in 1898 to study the effect of the Paris Convention on United States law. The commission submitted a report
no DOI — not checkedref160
no DOI — not checkedIf a patentee's failure to practice a patented invention frustrates an important public need for the invention, a court need not enjoin infringement of the patent."); see also Kearns v. Chrysler Corp., 32 F.3d 1541
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no DOI — not checkedPatent Misuse through the Capture of Industry Standards, 17 BERKELEY TECH
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no DOI — not checkedHowever, [t]his requirement may be waived by a Member [State] in the case of a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency or in cases of public non-commercial use. In situations of national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency, the right holder shall, nevertheless, be notified as soon as reasonably practicable. In the case of public noncommercial use, where the government or contractor, without making a patent search, knows or has demonstrable grounds to know that a valid patent is or will be used by or for the government
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no DOI — not checkedAnalysis of How the TRIPS Agreement Can Ricochet Back Against the United States, 25 Nw
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no DOI — not checkedOur predecessor court held that '[t]he Paris Convention was not. . . self-executing and required implementing legislation
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no DOI — not checkedciting Charming Betsy, 6 US (2 Cranch) at 118; The Paquete Habana
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no DOI — not checkedThe [dispute settlement] provisions of Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1994 as elaborated and applied by the Dispute Settlement Understanding shall apply to consultations and the settlement of disputes under this Agreement except as otherwise specifically provided herein
no DOI — not checkedIII [Enforcement of Intellectual Properly Rights] and IV [Acquisition and maintenance of intellectual properly rights and related inter-partes procedures
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no DOI — not checkedState Street Bank case (State Street Bank & Trust v
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