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Liquidity Constraints of the Middle Class

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1517962
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19/19 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-02

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

1 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 19 checked references that resolve
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Recent Changes in U.S. Family Finances: Evidence from the 1998 and 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances
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The Transactions Demand for Cash: An Inventory Theoretic Approach
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Why is Consumption So Smooth?
resolves10.1016/j.jmoneco.2008.09.002
Welfare implications of the transition to high household debt
resolves10.1257/jep.15.3.23
A Theory of the Consumption Function, With and Without Liquidity Constraints
resolves10.3386/w13876
International Evidence on Sticky Consumption Growth
resolves10.3386/w15149
Why do the Elderly Save? The Role of Medical Expenses
resolves10.1017/ccol0521345529.006
Life-cycle models of consumption: Is the evidence consistent with the theory?
resolves10.1257/aer.90.3.391
Habit Formation in Consumer Preferences: Evidence from Panel Data
resolves10.2307/135117
Excess Sensitivity of Consumption to Current Income: Liquidity Constraints or Myopia?
resolves10.1016/0304-3932(90)90006-p
Finite horizons, life-cycle savings, and time-series evidence on consumption
resolves10.1257/aer.96.5.1589
Household Expenditure and the Income Tax Rebates of 2001
resolves10.1080/07350015.1996.10524631
Permanent Income, Current Income, and Consumption: Evidence From Two Panel Data Sets
resolves10.1257/aer.89.4.959
The Reaction of Household Consumption to Predictable Changes in Social Security Taxes
resolves10.1257/000282803321455368
Consumer Response to Tax Rebates
resolves10.1257/aer.89.4.947
The Response of Household Consumption to Income Tax Refunds
resolves10.2307/1925776
The Interest-Elasticity of Transactions Demand For Cash
resolves10.1086/261605
Consumption and Liquidity Constraints: An Empirical Investigation
resolves10.29338/dp2018-02
The 1 reference without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref18
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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