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Overprotection and Protection Overlaps in Intellectual Property Law - the Need for Horizontal Fair Use Defences
17/17 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
71 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 17 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1017/cbo9780511750786.003
Introduction: Access to essential medicines: public health and international law
resolves10.1017/cbo9780511494529.002
The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization of Global Public Goods
resolves10.4337/9781848441316.00018
Reconciling trademark rights and expressive values: how to stop worrying and learn to love ambiguity
resolves10.1086/590271
Emma Smith. The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare. Cambridge Introductions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. 166. $65.00 (cloth); $19.99 (paper). - Janette Dillon. The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare's Tragedies. Cambridge Introductions to Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. 169. $65.00 (cloth); $19.99 (paper).
The 71 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedFor a recent confirmation of this questionable dogma, see F�rster, supra note 11
no DOI — not checkedFrom a historical perspective, this antagonism may not be overestimated anyway. See J.C. Ginsburg, A Tale of Two Copyrights: Literary Property in Revolutionary France and America
no DOI — not checkedref6
no DOI — not checkedFour Free Speech Goals for Trademark Law
no DOI — not checkedConstitutionalising' Intellectual Property Law? The Influence of Fundamental Rights on Intellectual Property in the European Union
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedBalancing Proprietary and Public Domain Interests: Inside or Outside of Proprietary Rights?
no DOI — not checkedFree as the Air to Common Use: First Amendment Constraints on Enclosure of the Public Domain
no DOI — not checkedWith regard to copyright law, see from the same authors: W.N. Landes/R.A. Posner, An Economic Analysis of Copyright Law
no DOI — not checked)(i), 11ter(1)(i), 11bis(1)(iii), Article 8 and Articles 12
no DOI — not checkedref16
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedDigitale ontsluiting van historische archieven en verweesde werken
no DOI — not checkedref19
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedCost and Resource Allocation Under the Orphan Works Act of 2006: Would the Act Reduce Transaction Costs, Allocate Orphan Works Efficiently, and Serve the Goals of Copyright Law?
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checked122-5 of the French Intellectual Property Act (Code de la propri�t� intellectuelle)
no DOI — not checkedThe French Implementation of the Information Society Directive: a Disappointing Result of a Promising Debate
no DOI — not checkedTo reduce the harm flowing from the Copyright Directive, the EC threestep test should at least be construed flexibly. For guidelines in this regard, see
no DOI — not checkedUsers as Innovators: Implications for Patent Doctrine
no DOI — not checkedref28
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedFor a general analysis of the evolution of limitations in trademark law, see G.B. Dinwoodie, Lewis & Clark Law School Ninth Distinguished IP Lecture: Developing Defenses in Trademark Law
no DOI — not checkedref35
no DOI — not checkedFundamental Rights, a Safeguard for the Coherence of Intellectual Property?
no DOI — not checkedThe 'Artistic Relevance Test' Just Became Relevant: the Increasing Strength of the First Amendment as a Defense to Trademark Infringement and Dilution
no DOI — not checkedref39
no DOI — not checkedref41
no DOI — not checkedAlles oder Nichts im Formmarkenschutz?
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedTrade Dress and the Three-Dimensional Marks -The Neglected Children of Trademark Law?
no DOI — not checkedDas Wesen der Positionsmarke oder Wo die Positionsmarke hingeh�rt
no DOI — not checkedC-487/07, L'Or�al/Bellure, para. 59. Cf. G. W�rtenberger, Risk of Confusion and Criteria to Determine the Same in European Community Trade Mark Law
no DOI — not checkedThe protection afforded by the registered trade mark, the function of which is in particular to guarantee the trade mark as an indication of origin, should be absolute in the case of identity between the mark and the sign and the goods or services. The protection should apply also in the case of similarity between the mark and the sign and the goods or services
no DOI — not checkedref49
no DOI — not checkedref51
no DOI — not checkedWith regard to the earlier focus of the ECJ on the 'essential' function of source identification, see I. Simon, How Does 'Essential Function' Doctrine Drive European Trade Mark Law
no DOI — not checkedGoogle/Louis Vuitton, para. 92: '?in the case where that use adversely affects the proprietor's use of its mark as a factor in sales promotion or as an instrument of commercial strategy
no DOI — not checkedVictoria's Big Secret: Whither Dilution Under the Federal Dilution Act?
no DOI — not checkedMarques de renomm�e -Histoire de la d�naturation d'un concept
no DOI — not checkedThe Rational Basis of Trademark Protection Revisited: Putting the Dilution Doctrine into Context', Fordham Intellectual Property
no DOI — not checkedThe broad approach to trademark functions in L'Or�al/Bellure seems to confirm this trend. With the inclusion of 'communication, investment or advertising', the ECJ recognizes that trademarks do not simply serve the objective to identify a given commercial source
no DOI — not checkedref60
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedC-301/07, Pago/Tirolmilch. Cf. Senftleben, supra note 115
no DOI — not checkedref65
no DOI — not checkedIntellectual Property and Private International Law
no DOI — not checkedKeyword Advertising -Das aktuelle Key-Thema des Europ�ischen Markenrechts, GRUR International
no DOI — not checkedref68
no DOI — not checkedref69
no DOI — not checkedBe�nvloeding van zoekresultaten en gesponsorde koppelingen. De juridische kwalificatie van onzichtbaar merkgebruik
no DOI — not checkedCf. Moskin, Victoria's Big Secret: Wither Dilution Under the Federal Dilution Act
no DOI — not checkedref72
no DOI — not checkedWith regard to the required proof of dilution, this new legislation clarifies that protection against dilution is to be granted 'regardless of the presence or absence of actual or likely confusion, of competition, or of actual economic injury.' Cf. B. Beebe, A Defense of the New Federal Trademark Antidilution Law
no DOI — not checkedEXCLUSIONS -The following shall not be actionable as dilution by blurring or dilution by tarnishment under this subsection: (A) Any fair use, including a nominative or descriptive fair use, or facilitation of such fair use, of a famous mark by another person other than as a designation of source for the person's own goods or services, including use in connection with -(i) advertising or promotion that permits consumers to compare goods or services; or (ii) identifying and parodying, criticizing
no DOI — not checkedref75
no DOI — not checkedFrankenlaw: The Supreme Court's Fair and Balanced Look at Fair Use
no DOI — not checkedref77
no DOI — not checkedFor a further case in which freedom of speech prevailed over trademark protection, see German Federal Court of Justice
no DOI — not checkedref80
no DOI — not checkedAcuff Rose, the US Supreme Court solved this problem by stating that 'when a lethal parody, like a scathing theater review, kills demand for the original, it does not produce a harm cognizable under the Copyright Act
no DOI — not checkedref84
no DOI — not checkedref85
no DOI — not checkedWith regard to the problems raised by cumulative copyright and trademark protection, see
no DOI — not checkedref87
no DOI — not checkedref88
no DOI — not checkedThe Cumulative Effect of Copyright Law and Trademark Law: Which Takes Precedence?
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