Reference health
The Narrative and the Algorithm: Genres of Credit Reporting from the Nineteenth Century to Today
4 of 27 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-29
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
62 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.1017/s1467222700012258
does not resolve to a known work10.1017/s1467222700007552
does not resolve to a known work10.1017/s1467222700008296
does not resolve to a known work10.2307/1250745
The 23 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1000475
Dun, Robert Graham (07 August 1826–10 November 1900), businessman
resolves10.1016/s0167-2681(99)00024-4
A message from psychologists to economists: mere predictability doesn’t matter like it should (without a good story appended to it)
resolves10.1353/ecs.1996.0012
Eighteenth-Century Commercial Mentalities as Reflected and Projected in Business Handbooks
resolves10.25291/vr/1940-vlr-201
EQUITY TRUSTEES EXECUTORS & AGENCY CO. LTD. v. NEW ZEALAND LOAN & MERCANTILE AGENCY CO. LTD.
resolves10.1086/ahr/97.4.1300
<scp>Martha L. Olney</scp>. <i>Buy Now, Pay Later: Advertising, Credit, and Consumer Durables in the 1920s</i>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1991. Pp. xvii, 424. $45.00
resolves10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.282017
Jenrick, Robert, (born 1982), MP (C) Newark, since June 2014
resolves10.1086/ahr/96.1.249
<scp>joanne yates</scp>. <i>Control through Communication: The Rise of System in American Management</i>. (Studies in Industry and Society.) Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1989. Pp. xx, 339. $29.50
resolves10.1016/j.aos.2009.02.003
From new deal institutions to capital markets: Commercial consumer risk scores and the making of subprime mortgage finance
The 62 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedCredit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information
no DOI — not checkedref2
no DOI — not checkedThe Code of Hammurabi three thousand years ago regulated credit and interests rates
no DOI — not checkedref4
no DOI — not checkedCredit Reporting Systems Around the Globe: The State of the Art in Public Credit Registries and Private Credit Reporting Firms
no DOI — not checkedThe general history of mercantile credit and credit reporting in nineteenth century is well covered in Rowena Olegario
no DOI — not checkedref7
no DOI — not checkedThe problems of collections, bankruptcy and order of payment discussed in Olegario
no DOI — not checkedFrom Rumor to Written Record Credit Reporting and the Invention of Financial Identity in Nineteenth-Century America
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedAnthony Giddens has noted that when money made possible anonymous transactions and exchange over long distances, it also meant that parties to exchange lost touch with each other, requiring new means of surveillance and verification in the economy
no DOI — not checkedref18
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no DOI — not checkedref24
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no DOI — not checkedref33
no DOI — not checkedNor did another practice that professional credit managers touted succeed-signed, legally binding statements by the borrower merchants
no DOI — not checkedref35
no DOI — not checkedThe Mercantile Agency Reporter's Manual
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedref44
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no DOI — not checkedref52
no DOI — not checkedref53
no DOI — not checkedSalesman's Handbook of Rates
no DOI — not checkedref57
no DOI — not checkedNavigating Failure, notes in the 19 th century people lived in a sea of credit. For more detail, see Thomas Clark, Pills, Petticoats and Ploughs: The Southern Country Store
no DOI — not checkedref60
no DOI — not checkedref66
no DOI — not checkedref67
no DOI — not checkedref69
no DOI — not checkedref71
no DOI — not checkedCopeland advised that stores adopt the Harvard System of Accounts for Retail Grocers, which he had helped to devise in 1914, a system endorsed by the Chicago Association of Credit Men
no DOI — not checkedref74
no DOI — not checkedData from the 1950s counted 2,500 credit bureaus in the North America, Mexico, Australia and England, but 95% of these were located in the United States. Harold Wallace. Starting and Managing a
no DOI — not checkedref76
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no DOI — not checkedref78
no DOI — not checkedPractical Keys to Credit Analysis: A Dynamic Approach in Evaluating Credits (National Association of Credit Men, ca
no DOI — not checkedref80
no DOI — not checkedOil companies issued cards en masse to the public in the 1930s. The first credit cards (Dinner's Club, Carte Blanche and American Express) appeared in the 1950s. With the exception of the oil company cards, however, these were either tied to the customer base of an established institution, as with the stores, or drawn from an elite clientele. The early credit cards did not allow for unpaid balances to carry over. Marron, Consumer Credit in the United States, 80-81. Timothy Wolters, "Carry Your Credit in Your Pocket": The Early History of the Credit Card at Bank of America and Chase Manhattan
no DOI — not checkedref82
no DOI — not checkedCarry Your Credit
no DOI — not checkedRobert Head Collection
no DOI — not checkedref86
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no DOI — not checkedFair, Isaac had been producing custom scorecards for individual companies, a labor intensive process of data gathering. The availability of large databanks of credit information
no DOI — not checkedref97
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no DOI — not checkedref100
no DOI — not checkedFor a somewhat different application of the sociology of knowledge to financial risk assessment, see Donald MacKenzie
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