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Education or Just Creativity: What Matters Most for Economic Performance?

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1739726
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30/30 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-27

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

8 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 30 checked references that resolve
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Nordic City Regions in the Creative Class Debate—Putting the Creative Class Thesis to a Test
resolves10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00837.x
The Consequences of the Creative Class: The Pursuit of Creativity Strategies in Australia's Cities
resolves10.1016/s1574-0080(04)80018-x
Chapter 61 Knowledge spillovers and the geography of innovation
resolves10.1016/0304-3932(94)90047-7
The role of human capital in economic development evidence from aggregate cross-country data
resolves10.1111/j.1435-5957.2005.00047.x
The divergence of human capital levels across cities
resolves10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01048.x
Creative Class and Regional Growth: Empirical Evidence from Seven European Countries
resolves10.3386/w4313
Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity
resolves10.1016/0305-750x(86)90043-4
Adversary activities and per capita income growth
resolves10.1080/00343404.2010.529288
Total Factor Productivity, Intangible Assets and Spatial Dependence in the European Regions
resolves10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.08.004
Education and Italian regional development
resolves10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7_28
The Impact of Human Capital on Regional Labor Productivity in Europe
resolves10.1111/j.1538-4632.2009.00752.x
Knowledge Spillovers and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence Using a Spatial Panel Data Model
resolves10.1093/jeg/lbn023
Inside the black box of regional development--human capital, the creative class and tolerance
resolves10.1093/jeg/1.1.27
Consumer city
resolves10.2307/3003321
Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth
resolves10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.10.025
Specification and estimation of spatial autoregressive models with autoregressive and heteroskedastic disturbances
resolves10.1086/261763
Increasing Returns and Economic Geography
resolves10.1201/9781420064254
Introduction to Spatial Econometrics
resolves10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
On the mechanics of economic development
resolves10.2307/2118477
A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth
resolves10.1080/00420980701558434
The Dutch Creative Class and How it Fosters Urban Employment Growth
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1739732
Productivity Growth in the Old and New Europe: The Role of Agglomeration Externalities
resolves10.2307/2937945
The Allocation of Talent: Implications for Growth
resolves10.4018/978-1-59904-838-3.ch005
Creative Class Theory and Economic Performance in UK Cities
resolves10.3386/w10904
The Economic Value of Cultural Diversity: Evidence from US Cities
resolves10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00620.x
Struggling with the Creative Class
resolves10.1006/juec.1993.1042
Productivity Gains from Geographic Concentration of Human Capital: Evidence from the Cities
resolves10.1080/00343400701654186
Research and Development, Spillovers, Innovation Systems, and the Genesis of Regional Growth in Europe
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.009
R&D, higher education and regional growth: Uneven linkages among European regions
The 8 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedCultural Diversity and Economic Performance: Evidence from European Regions
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref28
no DOI — not checkedHuman capital spillovers and regional economic growth in Spain
no DOI — not checkedOn Creativity. Towards an Understanding of Creativity and its Measurements
no DOI — not checkedref38
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