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Positively Valued Fiat Money after the Sovereign Disappears: The Case of Somalia

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1801563
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50/50 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-27

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

33 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 50 checked references that resolve
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Culture and Customs of Somalia
resolves10.1006/jeth.1996.2250
Government Transaction Policy, the Medium of Exchange, and Welfare
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2374364
Fiscal Sustainability and the Value of Money: Lessons from the British Paper Pound, 1797-1821
resolves10.1006/game.1997.0546
The Variable Frame Theory of Focal Points: An Experimental Study
resolves10.1016/S0165-1889(98)00084-0
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resolves10.1257/000282802320189023
Matching and Money
resolves10.1111/j.1743-8594.2006.00035.x
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resolves10.1016/s0165-1889(00)00028-2
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Emergence of Money as a Medium of Exchange: An Experimental Study
resolves10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00030
Intrinsically Worthless Objects as Media of Exchange: Experimental Evidence*
resolves10.1257/0895330042162395
Economic Policy and Prospects in Iraq
resolves10.4337/9781847203113.00022
Tax-driven Money: Additional Evidence from the History of Economic Thought, Economic History and Economic Policy
resolves10.1007/s00199-010-0564-8
The tax-foundation theory of fiat money
resolves10.1016/s0176-2680(98)00015-9
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resolves10.3386/w3686
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resolves10.1016/b978-0-12-663970-4.50024-4
ON SOME PROBLEMS OF PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF AN EQUILIBRIUM IN A MONETARY ECONOMY
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2850730
Banning Bitcoin
resolves10.1111/ecin.12291
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF BITCOIN
resolves10.1257/0002828041301957
The Institutions of Monetary Policy
resolves10.1086/261634
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resolves10.1016/0022-0531(91)90154-v
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resolves10.1257/jel.20141195
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resolves10.1016/0304-3932(91)90007-b
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resolves10.1016/j.jce.2007.10.001
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resolves10.1016/j.irle.2009.02.005
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resolves10.2202/1943-3867.1032
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resolves10.4324/9781315308197
Peoples of the Horn of Africa (Somali, Afar and Saho)
resolves10.1006/jeth.1997.2363
Government Transaction Policy, Media of Exchange, and Prices
resolves10.1111/ecaf.12001
Friedman Versus <scp>H</scp>ayek on Private Outside Monies: New Evidence for the Debate
resolves10.1007/s11138-013-0242-8
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resolves10.1007/s11127-015-0291-6
The monetary mechanism of stateless Somalia
resolves10.1111/coep.12151
CRYPTOCURRENCIES, NETWORK EFFECTS, AND SWITCHING COSTS
resolves10.1007/s11138-015-0321-0
Mises and the moderns on the inessentiality of money in equilibrium
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2631314
Bitcoin and the Future of Digital Payments
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2446604
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Bitcoin is Memory
resolves10.1016/0165-1889(90)90025-c
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resolves10.1016/s0305-750x(97)00104-6
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resolves10.1093/jae/11.3.309
A Case of Private Supply of Money in Stateless Somalia
resolves10.2307/4135334
The Emancipation Proclamation, Confederate Expectations, and the Price of Southern Bank Notes
resolves10.1016/j.jebo.2008.04.008
Somalia after state collapse: Chaos or improvement?
resolves10.1108/s1529-213420140000018008
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resolves10.2307/2077948
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resolves10.1111/1468-0297.00094
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resolves10.1016/j.jfs.2014.07.002
Synthetic commodity money
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The 33 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedMonetary and Exchange Rate Policies
no DOI — not checkedOnline at www.somalilandpress.com/10135/interview-with-somalilands-foreign-minister
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedThe Mayekawa Lecture: Puzzling over the Anatomy of Crises-Liquidity and the Veil of Finance
no DOI — not checkedEndogenous Matching and Money
no DOI — not checkedSomalia: Understanding the Feasible Institutions
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedMonetary Theory in the Laboratory
no DOI — not checkedMacroeconomics: A Survey of Laboratory Research
no DOI — not checkedref21
no DOI — not checkedMarket data. Integrated Database System
no DOI — not checkedHow Somalia Crumbled: Clan Warfare and a Glut of Weapons Have Plunged the Country into Anarchy
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedref33
no DOI — not checkedref34
no DOI — not checkedA Search-Theoretic Approach to Monetary Economics
no DOI — not checkedref39
no DOI — not checkedMoney as a Creature of the State
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedref48
no DOI — not checkedref49
no DOI — not checkedref50
no DOI — not checkedref52
no DOI — not checkedref62
no DOI — not checkedref63
no DOI — not checkedref64
no DOI — not checkedHumanitarian Relief Intervention in Somalia: The Economics of Chaos
no DOI — not checkedref68
no DOI — not checkedAnarchy and Invention: How Does Somalia Cope without Government?
no DOI — not checkedref70
no DOI — not checkedThe Search-Theoretic Approach to Monetary Economics
no DOI — not checkedThe Banknotes of Somalia, Part 1
no DOI — not checkedThe Banknotes of Somalia, Part 2: The Somaliland Issues
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