Reference health
The Behavior of Individual Investors
1 of 137 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-03
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
13 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.2307/2328845
The 136 checked references that resolve
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Trading imbalances, predictable reversals, and cross-stock price pressure
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Is the Aggregate Investor Reluctant to Realise Losses? Evidence from Taiwan
resolves10.1111/0022-1082.00226
Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors
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Boys will be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment
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Are individual investors tax savvy? Evidence from retail and discount brokerage accounts
resolves10.1093/rfs/hhm079
All That Glitters: The Effect of Attention and News on the Buying Behavior of Individual and Institutional Investors
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01448.x
What Drives the Disposition Effect? An Analysis of a Long‐Standing Preference‐Based Explanation
resolves10.1111/0022-1082.00388
Excessive Extrapolation and the Allocation of 401(k) Accounts to Company Stock
resolves10.1111/j.1468-2443.2007.00059.x
The Reach of the Disposition Effect: Large Sample Evidence Across Investor Classes<sup>*</sup>
resolves10.1162/qjec.2009.124.1.301
Fight Or Flight? Portfolio Rebalancing by Individual Investors<sup>*</sup>
resolves10.1002/bdm.561
Trading performance, disposition effect, overconfidence, representativeness bias, and experience of emerging market investors
resolves10.1016/s0304-405x(99)00037-9
Do foreign investors destabilize stock markets? The Korean experience in 1997
resolves10.1016/s0304-405x(02)00130-7
How does the Internet affect trading? Evidence from investor behavior in 401(k) plans
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1975.tb01834.x
INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR RISK AVERSION AND INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION
resolves10.3386/w1176
Optimal Stock Trading with Personal Taxes: Implications for Prices and the Abnormal January Returns
resolves10.1093/rfs/7.1.45
Home Bias in Equity Portfolios, Inflation Hedging, and International Capital Market Equilibrium
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02724.x
Measuring Mutual Fund Performance with Characteristic‐Based Benchmarks
resolves10.1016/s0304-3932(01)00091-5
Investor psychology in capital markets: evidence and policy implications
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1657926
Does Sign Matter More than Size? An Investigation into the Source of Investor Overconfidence
resolves10.1016/0092-6566(77)90029-0
Attributing causes for one's own performance: The effects of sex, norms, and outcome
resolves10.1287/mnsc.1040.0473
Up Close and Personal: Investor Sophistication and the Disposition Effect
resolves10.1016/0304-405x(81)90026-x
Information aggregation in a noisy rational expectations economy
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01658.x
Do Individual Investors Have Asymmetric Information Based on Work Experience?
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01598.x
Luck versus Skill in the Cross‐Section of Mutual Fund Returns
resolves10.1007/s10679-005-2262-0
Do Investor Sophistication and Trading Experience Eliminate Behavioral Biases in Financial Markets?
resolves10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.04.003
Individual investors and gender similarities in an emerging stock market
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1622184
Do Individual Investors Trade Stocks as Gambling? Evidence from Repeated Natural Experiments
resolves10.1016/s0304-405x(99)00044-6
The investment behavior and performance of various investor types: a study of Finland's unique data set
resolves10.1111/0022-1082.00355
How Distance, Language, and Culture Influence Stockholdings and Trades
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01501.x
Driven to Distraction: Extraneous Events and Underreaction to Earnings News
resolves10.2139/ssrn.299260
Do Individual Investors Drive Post-Earnings Announcement Drift? Direct Evidence from Personal Trades
resolves10.1017/s0022109000004233
Portfolio Concentration and the Performance of Individual Investors
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00730.x
Local Does as Local Is: Information Content of the Geography of Individual Investors' Common Stock Investments
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04702.x
Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1332041
Individual Investor Trading and Return Patterns Around Earnings Announcements
resolves10.1016/j.finmar.2003.11.002
Market-wide impact of the disposition effect: evidence from IPO trading volume
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01411.x
Do Investors Overweight Personal Experience? Evidence from IPO Subscriptions
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1018668
Do Portfolio Distortions Reflect Superior Information or Psychological Biases?
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01015.x
Can Mutual Fund “Stars” Really Pick Stocks? New Evidence from a Bootstrap Analysis
resolves10.1287/mnsc.1070.0845
How Do Decision Frames Influence the Stock Investment Choices of Individual Investors?
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02751.x
Speculation Duopoly with Agreement to Disagree: Can Overconfidence Survive the Market Test?
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1986.tb04559.x
Volume for Winners and Losers: Taxation and Other Motives for Stock Trading
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01576.x
Do Limit Orders Alter Inferences about Investor Performance and Behavior?
resolves10.1111/0022-1082.00078
Volume, Volatility, Price, and Profit When All Traders Are Above Average
resolves10.1017/s0022109000001721
Big Fish in Small Ponds: The Trading Behavior and Price Impact of Foreign Investors in Asian Emerging Equity Markets
resolves10.1086/295998
Realized Returns on Common Stock Investments: The Experience of Individual Investors
resolves10.1016/s0378-4266(00)00139-4
Patterns of behavior of professionally managed and independent investors
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb05002.x
The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence
resolves10.1037/e722852011-064
Unraveling the Disposition Effect: The role of prospect theory and emotions
resolves10.1016/0001-6918(81)90005-6
Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers?
resolves10.1016/s0167-2681(97)00089-9
The disposition effect in securities trading: an experimental analysis
The 13 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedOverconfident Speculators in Call Markets: Trade Patterns and Survival
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no DOI — not checkedref47
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no DOI — not checkedref62
no DOI — not checkedOn the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets
no DOI — not checkedWorking paper
no DOI — not checkedref120
no DOI — not checkedWhat's Not There: The Odd-Lot Bias in TAQ Data
no DOI — not checkedOnce Burned, Twice Shy: How Na�ve Learning, Counterfactuals, and Regret Affect the Repurchase of Stocks Previously Sold
no DOI — not checkedref150
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