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A Safety Doctrine for the Criminal Justice System

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1922251
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16/16 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-25

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

39 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 16 checked references that resolve
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Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States
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NARSAD Awards 42 Mid-Career Independent Investigator Grants for 2009
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On Tapp (And Levine)
resolves10.4414/pc-f.2009.08393
Quand l'empathie va, tout va
resolves10.1002/div.3975
Lincoln National Corp. (ID)
resolves10.1038/259424a0
Erratum
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Copyright Law. Fair Use Doctrine. Eleventh Circuit Allows Publication of Novel Parodying "Gone with the Wind". Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 268 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir.), Reh'g En banc Denied, 275 F.3d 58 (Table) (11th Cir. 2001)
resolves10.1038/098196a0
Our Astronomical Column
resolves10.2139/ssrn.931454
Innocents Convicted: An Empirically Justified Wrongful Conviction Rate
resolves10.1163/ej.9789004156258.i-218.32
Supra-Communal Institutions
resolves10.2307/1341949
Reasonable Doubt: An Argument against Definition
resolves10.2307/1341684
"Winship" on Rough Waters: The Erosion of the Reasonable Doubt Standard
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1750267
Reasonable and Other Doubts: The Problem of Jury Instructions
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1922251
A Safety Doctrine for the Criminal Justice System
resolves10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198267973.003.0007
Liability for Uncertainty: Making Evidential Damage Actionable
resolves10.1093/oso/9780190848194.003.0002
Post-Conviction DNA Testing, Actual Innocence, and Cold Cases
The 39 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
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no DOI — not checkedError and Exaggeration in the Presentation of DNA Evidence at Trial, 34
no DOI — not checkedThe Random Match Probability in DNA Evidence: Irrelevant and Prejudicial?
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no DOI — not checkedFor an overview of additional surveys with similar results, see Lawrence M. Solan, Refocusing the Burden of Proof in Criminal Cases: Some Doubt About Reasonable Doubt, 78 TEX
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedref26
no DOI — not checkedJustifying Rejection of Applicants with Convictions, 8 DARTMOUTH L
no DOI — not checkedFor a similar assumption, see David Hamer, Probabilistic Standards of Proof, Their Complements, and the Errors that are Expected to Flow from Them, 1 U. NEW ENG
no DOI — not checkedref29
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no DOI — not checkedJudging Innocence, 108 COLUM
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no DOI — not checkedOn the one hand, it supposedly ensures a high level of certainty in conviction
no DOI — not checkedref40
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no DOI — not checkedref42
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedConstitutional Evidence Law, 61 VAND
no DOI — not checkedref49
no DOI — not checkedMore than Zero: Accounting for Error in Latent Print Identification, 95
no DOI — not checkedref52
no DOI — not checkedEyewitness Identification: Systemic Reforms
no DOI — not checkedOn the nead to record the entire interrogations, see Brandon L. Garrett, The Substance of False Confessions, 62 STAN
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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