Reference health
Robust Exclusion through Loyalty Discounts with Buyer Commitment
24/24 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-16
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
13 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 24 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2307/1342058
Do Guaranteed-Low-Price Policies Guarantee High Prices, and Can Antitrust Rise to the Challenge?
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2125428
Anticompetitive Market Division through Loyalty Discounts without Buyer Commitment
resolves10.1257/0002828041464588
Opportunism in Multilateral Vertical Contracting: Nondiscrimination, Exclusivity, and Uniformity: Comment
The 13 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedContracts as a Barrier to Entry
no DOI — not checkedDurable-Good Monopoly and Best-Price Provisions
no DOI — not checkedDefining Better Monopolization Standards
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedHow Loyalty Discounts Can Perversely Discourage Discounting: Comment
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedDiscounts and Exclusion
no DOI — not checkedStrategic Buyers and Exclusionary Contracts
no DOI — not checkedEvaluating Bundled Discounts
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedThe Competitive Effects of Vertical Agreements: Comment
no DOI — not checkedLoyalty Rebates: An Assessment of Competition Concerns and a Proposed Structured Rule of Reason
no DOI — not checkedAnticompetitive Aspects of Market-Share Discounts and Other Incentives to Exclusive Dealing
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-16 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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