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Border Effects of Overlapping Regional Trade Blocs in Africa

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2173806
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14/14 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-27

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

15 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

The 14 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01120.x
A New Interpretation of the Distance Puzzle Based on Geographic Neutrality
resolves10.1016/j.jinteco.2006.02.005
Do free trade agreements actually increase members' international trade?
resolves10.1016/0022-1996(95)01395-4
Openness to trade in manufactures in the OECD
resolves10.2307/1913974
Estimating Regression Models with Multiplicative Heteroscedasticity
resolves10.1016/0889-1583(87)90027-x
Imperfect competition and international trade: Evidence from fourteen industrial countries
resolves10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.441
Estimating Trade Flows: Trading Partners and Trading Volumes <sup>*</sup>
resolves10.1093/019829431x.001.0001
The Political Economy of the World Trading System
resolves10.5089/9781451875447.001
Comesa and Sadc
resolves10.1086/250042
Law and Finance
resolves10.3386/w7836
Explaining the Border Effect: The Role of Exchange Rate Variability, Shipping Costs, and Geography
resolves10.1111/1468-0327.00056
One money, one market: the effect of common currencies on trade
resolves10.1257/aer.91.2.386
National Money as a Barrier to International Trade: The Real Case for Currency Union
resolves10.1596/0-8213-5078-1
Regional Integration and Development
resolves10.1257/000282803321455214
Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle
The 15 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
no DOI — not checked2011 -2015 Eastern Africa regional integration strategy paper
no DOI — not checkedA synthesis of initiatives facilitating trade, transport and regional integration in the Greater Horn and Southern Africa
no DOI — not checkedref6
no DOI — not checkedTrade Patterns in the SADC Region: Key Issues for the FTA
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedLogistics performance index for East Africa
no DOI — not checkedNational borders matter: Canada-US regional trade patterns
no DOI — not checkedref21
no DOI — not checkedSADC Trade, Industry and Investment Review
no DOI — not checkedref27
no DOI — not checkedref28
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings, or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.

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