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Textual Sentiment in Finance: A Survey of Methods and Models

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2213801
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1 of 43 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-27

At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.

13 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

References needing attention

does not resolve to a known work10.2307/2329067
The 42 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00662.x
Is All That Talk Just Noise? The Information Content of Internet Stock Message Boards
resolves10.1257/jep.21.2.129
Investor Sentiment in the Stock Market
resolves10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1673164
The Role of Media in Takeovers: Theory and Evidence
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x
On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1930861
Does Investor Attention Influence Stock Market Activity? The Case of Spin-Off Deals
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2024086
Customers as Advisors: The Role of Social Media in Financial Markets
resolves10.1287/mnsc.1070.0704
Yahoo! for Amazon: Sentiment Extraction from Small Talk on the Web
resolves10.2139/ssrn.875399
Beyond the Numbers: Measuring the Information Content of Earnings Press Release Language
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1866369
Managers' Use of Language Across Alternative Disclosure Outlets: Earnings Press Releases Versus MD&A
resolves10.1016/s0927-5398(97)00012-1
Public information releases, private information arrival and volatility in the foreign exchange market
resolves10.1007/s11146-010-9266-z
Earnings Conference Call Content and Stock Price: The Case of REITs
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1650003
The Real Effects of Disclosure Tone: Evidence from Restatements
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1535337
How are Shorts Informed? Short Sellers, News, and Information Processing
resolves10.2307/2329112
The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns
resolves10.1016/0304-405x(93)90023-5
Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds
resolves10.2139/ssrn.15108
Market Efficiency, Long-Term Returns, and Behavioral Finance
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1126962
The Incremental Information Content of Tone Change in Management Discussion and Analysis
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1571101
Sentiment During Recessions
resolves10.2308/jeta.2006.3.1.1
Market Reaction to Verbal Components of Earnings Press Releases: Event Study Using a Predictive Algorithm
resolves10.1177/0021943608319388
Are Investors Influenced By How Earnings Press Releases Are Written?
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2024674
Tone Management
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1888724
Evidence on the Information Content of Text in Analyst Reports
resolves10.2308/accr.2009.84.5.1639
The Effect of Disclosures by Management, Analysts, and Business Press on Cost of Capital, Return Volatility, and Analyst Forecasts: A Study Using Content Analysis
resolves10.1111/j.1475-679X.2012.00450.x
Detecting Deceptive Discussions in Conference Calls
resolves10.2308/accr.00000043
The Effect of Annual Report Readability on Analyst Following and the Properties of Their Earnings Forecasts
resolves10.2139/ssrn.898181
Do Stock Market Investors Understand the Risk Sentiment of Corporate Annual Reports?
resolves10.1111/j.1475-679x.2010.00382.x
The Information Content of Forward‐Looking Statements in Corporate Filings—A Naïve Bayesian Machine Learning Approach
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.06.003
The role of the media in corporate governance: Do the media influence managers' capital allocation decisions?
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01625.x
When Is a Liability Not a Liability? Textual Analysis, Dictionaries, and 10‐Ks
resolves10.1080/15427560.2011.575971
Barron's Red Flags: Do They Actually Work?
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1920411
Measuring Readability in Financial Disclosures
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.1994.tb00083.x
The Impact of Public Information on the Stock Market
resolves10.2307/2938260
Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1633705
Media and Investment Management
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.013
Earnings conference calls and stock returns: The incremental informativeness of textual tone
resolves10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2011.10.010
Reading between the lines: An empirical examination of qualitative attributes of financial analysts’ reports
resolves10.2308/accr-10137
Disclosure Tone and Shareholder Litigation
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1572614
Underreaction to News in the US Stock Market
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01232.x
Giving Content to Investor Sentiment: The Role of Media in the Stock Market
resolves10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01362.x
More Than Words: Quantifying Language to Measure Firms' Fundamentals
The 13 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedIPO first-day returns, offer price revisions, volatility, and Form S-1 language
no DOI — not checkedref45
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no DOI — not checkedref54
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