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Lost in Transposition: Erroneous Conflation of Statistical Certainty with Evidentiary Standards
7/7 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-04
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
20 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 7 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1520/stp31967s
resolves10.2307/4093311
Civil Procedure. Class Action Certification. Seventh Circuit Holds That Denial of Class Certification Can Have Preclusive Effect in State and Federal Courts. In re Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., Tires Products Liability Litigation, 333 F.3d 763 (7th Cir. 2003)
resolves10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u59643
Thomas, James Bowen, (3 July 1942–14 Sept. 2022), Senior Director, Global Security, Pfizer Inc., New York, 1999–2004
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1334267
Brief of Environmental Law Professors as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
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no DOI — not checkedapply the Reference Manual's description of a p-value. Specifically, the court quoted the Manual's correct definition, but misstated the relevant p-values for 95% confidence and 99% confidence as p < 0.5 and p < 0.1, respectively. 75 The court then concluded that the
no DOI — not checkedthe court cited the expert report when stating that "[s]tatistical significance in conventional scientific studies defines a probability value of 0.05 or less as significant, that is, the likelihood that the results could have occurred by chance is 5% or less
no DOI — not checkedIn most biomedical and epidemiological work, a study result whose probability value is less than 5% (p < 0.5) or less than 1% (p < 0.1) is considered sufficiently unlikely to have occurred by chance to justify the designation 'statistically significant
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no DOI — not checkedThe Matrixx Oversold
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