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Double Whammy – How ICT Projects are Fooled by Randomness and Screwed by Political Intent

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2238057
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60/60 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-17

Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.

51 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.

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no DOI — not checkedPortfolio approach to information systems: Assessing the risk of their projects, separately and in the aggregate, will help managers make more informed decisions and ensure more successful outcomes
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