Reference health
Literature Review: Universal Service Obligation
38/38 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-08
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
15 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 38 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2011.11.023
Whither policy design for broadband penetration? Evidence from 30 OECD countries
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2011.04.016
Universal service subsidies and cost overstatement: Evidence from the U.S. telecommunications sector
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2007.01.002
Moving targets: Introducing mobility into universal service obligations
resolves10.1016/s0167-7187(01)00077-7
Allocating and funding universal service obligations in a competitive market
resolves10.1016/s0308-5961(96)00062-6
Universal access to online services: An examination of the issue
resolves10.1016/s0308-5961(02)00092-7
Tele-centres as a way of achieving universal access—the case of Ghana
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2011.04.001
Exploring the potential of wireless technologies to accelerate universal Internet access in Ghana
resolves10.1016/0308-5961(94)00006-e
Universal personal communications in the new telecommunications world order: Access to wireline networks
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2005.05.006
The effect of institutional constraints on the success of universal service policies: A comparison between Latin America and the World
resolves10.1080/08109020412331311669
Disabled e‐nation: telecommunications, disability, and national policy
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2012.06.013
Different paths to universal access: The impact of policy and regulation on broadband diffusion in the developed and developing worlds
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2008.11.006
Whose call is it? Targeting universal service programs to low-income households’ telecommunications preferences
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2012.03.005
Mapping the field: Retrospective of the federal universal service programs
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2003.07.003
Universal service: beyond established practice to possibility space
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2008.11.007
A layered United States Universal Service Fund for an everything-over-IP world
resolves10.1287/mnsc.46.4.586.12054
A Combinatorial Auction with Multiple Winners for Universal Service
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2007.01.005
Toward universal telephone access: Market progress and progress beyond the market
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2009.11.010
Universal service and targeted support in a competitive telecommunications environment
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2009.11.003
Provision of universal service and access over IP networks in Japan
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2012.12.008
Retaining telecommunication services when universal service is defined by functionality: Japanese consumers' willingness-to-pay
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2012.06.005
Universal service in Turkey: Recent developments and a critical assessment
resolves10.1016/s0167-6245(00)00013-5
A methodology for measuring the costs of universal service obligations
resolves10.1016/j.telpol.2005.06.007
Texas 9-1-1: Emergency telecommunications and the genesis of surveillance infrastructure
The 15 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedPreserving universal service in the age of IP
no DOI — not checkedAccess Pricing, Bypass, and Universal Service
no DOI — not checkedThe Case for a National Broadband Policy (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 1004525)
no DOI — not checkedUniversal Access in Developing Countries: A Particular Focus on Bangladesh
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedUniversal service and disabled people
no DOI — not checkedEconomic Welfare and Telecommunications Regulation: The E-Rate Policy for Universal-Service Subsidies
no DOI — not checkedref27
no DOI — not checkedref28
no DOI — not checkedTradable universal service obligations
no DOI — not checkedTelecommunications liberalisation and the quest for universal service in Australia
no DOI — not checkedProcuring universal service: Putting auction theory to work
no DOI — not checkedDream or reality: providing universal access to basic telecommunications in Nigeria?
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedUniversal Service Reform & Convergence USF Policy for the 21st Century (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 2103852)
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