Reference health
Was the African American Great Migration Delayed by Outlawing Emigrant Agents?
2 of 27 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-17
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
27 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.1017/s0022050700019069
does not resolve to a known work10.1093/sf/72.1.77
The 25 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2139/ssrn.876873
The Law and Economics of Post-Civil War Restrictions on Interstate Migration by African-Americans
resolves10.1086/ahr/86.4.931-a
Ronald E. Butchart. <i>Northern Schools, Southern Blacks, and Reconstruction: Freedmen's Education, 1862–1875</i>. (Contributions in American History, number 87.) Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 1980. Pp. xiv, 309. $25.00
resolves10.2307/2209720
From Peasant to Proletarian: The Migration of Southern Blacks to the Central Appalachian Coalfields
resolves10.1525/sp.1983.31.1.03a00050
Lines of Communication, Recruitment Mechanisms, and the Great Migration of 1916-1918
resolves10.1086/651512
Recruitment Restrictions and Labor Markets: Evidence from the Postbellum U.S. South
resolves10.2307/2713709
The Proceedings of a Migration Convention and Congressional Action Respecting the Exodus of 1879
resolves10.5962/bhl.title.25465
Negro migration; changes in rural organization and population of the Cotton Belt
The 27 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref7
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedThe Freedmen on the Sea Islands of South Carolina
no DOI — not checkedDepartment of Immigration and Labor
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedResearch on Internal Migration in the United States: A Survey
no DOI — not checkedref19
no DOI — not checkedLabor Agents and the Georgia Exodus
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedThe Movement of Negroes from North Carolina
no DOI — not checkedref28
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedref32
no DOI — not checkedref33
no DOI — not checkedThe American Slave: a Composite Autobiography
no DOI — not checkedref35
no DOI — not checkedLegal Barriers to Interstate Migration
no DOI — not checkedref37
no DOI — not checkedref45
no DOI — not checkedDemonstrating their Freedom: the PostEmancipation Migration of Black Americans
no DOI — not checkedref49
no DOI — not checkedref50
no DOI — not checkedref51
no DOI — not checkedref53
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-17 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.2296257"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.2296257/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.2296257)