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Can Synergy in Triple-Helix Relations Be Quantified? A Review of the Development of the Triple-Helix Indicator
1 of 44 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-27
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
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References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.1093/scipol/sct087;arxiv.org/abs/1301.1757
The 43 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1023/A:1004348123030
The Role of Research Centres in the Collectivisation of Academic Science
resolves10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00055-4
The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations
resolves10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00364.x
How sub-national conditions affect regional innovation systems: The case of the two Germanys
resolves10.1007/s11024-010-9141-3
Is Inequality Among Universities Increasing? Gini Coefficients and the Elusive Rise of Elite Universities
resolves10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.022
Rotational symmetry and the transformation of innovation systems in a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2439165
Knowledge-Generating Efficiency in Innovation Systems: The Relation between Structural and Temporal Effects
resolves10.1016/j.giq.2012.09.003
The e-government research domain: A triple helix network analysis of collaboration at the regional, country, and institutional levels
resolves10.1007/s11192-011-0504-9
A comparison of the Daegu and Edinburgh musical industries: a triple helix approach
resolves10.1002/asi.21595
Measuring the triple helix on the web: Longitudinal trends in the university-industry-government relationship in Korea
resolves10.1007/s11192-011-0508-5
Measuring Twitter-based political participation and deliberation in the South Korean context by using social network and Triple Helix indicators
resolves10.1080/03081070802621846
Ross Ashby's information theory: a bit of history, some solutions to problems, and what we face today
resolves10.1007/s11192-011-0512-9
Has globalization strengthened South Korea’s national research system? National and international dynamics of the Triple Helix of scientific co-authorship relationships in South Korea
resolves10.1080/08109028.2014.972135
The Triple Helix in the context of global change: dynamics and challenges
resolves10.1080/00343401003614274
Regional Innovation Systems in Hungary: The Failing Synergy at the National Level
resolves10.1023/A:1026253130577
The mutual information of university-industry-government relations: An indicator of the Triple Helix dynamics
resolves10.3390/e12010063
Redundancy in Systems Which Entertain a Model of Themselves: Interaction Information and the Self-Organization of Anticipation
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2005.09.001
Measuring the knowledge base of an economy in terms of triple-helix relations among ‘technology, organization, and territory’
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.027
Measuring the knowledge base of regional innovation systems in Germany in terms of a Triple Helix dynamics
resolves10.1002/asi.22973
Mutual redundancies in interhuman communication systems: Steps toward a calculus of processing meaning
resolves10.1007/s11192-009-0001-6
The decline of university patenting and the end of the Bayh–Dole effect
resolves10.1007/s11192-013-0997-5
A reply to Etzkowitz’ comments to Leydesdorff and Martin (2010): technology transfer and the end of the Bayh–Dole effect
resolves10.1007/s11192-013-1079-4
A routine for measuring synergy in university–industry–government relations: mutual information as a Triple-Helix and Quadruple-Helix indicator
resolves10.1002/asi.23258
Measuring triple‐helix synergy in the <scp>R</scp>ussian innovation systems at regional, provincial, and national levels
resolves10.1002/asi.22895
The<scp>S</scp>wedish system of innovation: Regional synergies in a knowledge‐based economy
resolves10.1002/asi.20997
National and international dimensions of the Triple Helix in Japan: University–industry–government versus international coauthorship relations
resolves10.1016/S1061-7361(00)80004-1
Technological developments and factor substitution in a complex and dynamic system
resolves10.1007/s11192-013-1103-8
Triple Helix indicators as an emergent area of enquiry: a bibliometric perspective
resolves10.1007/s11192-005-0257-4
A comparison of the knowledge-based innovation systems in the economies of South Korea and the Netherlands using Triple Helix indicators
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2010.02.009
Longitudinal trends in networks of university–industry–government relations in South Korea: The role of programmatic incentives
resolves10.1007/s11192-011-0498-3
Regional development in South Korea: accounting for research area in centrality and networks
resolves10.1080/09537325.2010.511158
Quantifying the national innovation system: inter-regional collaboration networks in South Korea
resolves10.1007/s11192-013-1106-5
The implications of big data for developing and transitional economies: Extending the Triple Helix?
resolves10.1016/j.techfore.2012.08.010
Where is synergy indicated in the Norwegian innovation system? Triple-Helix relations among technology, organization, and geography
resolves10.1007/s11192-010-0179-7
Measuring the relationships among university, industry and other sectors in Japan’s national innovation system: a comparison of new approaches with mutual information indicators
resolves10.1111/1467-9663.00273
The odd role of proximity in knowledge relations: high‐tech in the Netherlands
resolves10.1111/j.1468-0084.1979.mp41004002.x
THE PRODUCT CYCLE HYPOTHESIS IN A NEW INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
The 15 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedRedundancy Generation in University-Industry-Government Relations: The Triple Helix Modeled, Measured, and Simulated
no DOI — not checked) Q; an interpretation of the information theoretical Q-measures
no DOI — not checkedref21
no DOI — not checkedThe Challenge of Scientometrics: The development, measurement, and self-organization of scientific communications
no DOI — not checkedThe Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix,?, and an N-Tuple of Helices: Explanatory Models for Analyzing the Knowledge-Based Economy?
no DOI — not checkedMapping University-Industry-Government Relations on the Internet: An Exploration of Indicators for a Knowledge-Based Economy
no DOI — not checkedThe European Union, China, and the United States in the Top-1% and Top-10% Layers of Most-Frequently-Cited Publications: Competition and Collaborations
no DOI — not checkedInnovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation
no DOI — not checkedNational Systems of Innovation. Pinter, London McGill WJ (1954) Multivariate information transmission
no DOI — not checkedref41
no DOI — not checkedBusiness Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical and Statistical Analysis of Capitalist Process
no DOI — not checkedUniversity Rankings: Theoretical Basis, Methodology and Impacts on Global Higher Education. Springer Dordrecht Simmel G (1902) The number of members as determining the sociological form of the group
no DOI — not checkedActivating cross-boundary knowledge: the role of Simmelian ties in the generation of innovations
no DOI — not checkedThe Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations at the Country Level, and Its Dynamic Evolution under the Pressures of Globalization
no DOI — not checkedNY (1980) further developed the concept; positive and negative interactions were also discussed by Tsujishita
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