Reference health
Not Only are Protectionist Measures Harmful for Economic Development but the Recent Changes in the Global Trading System have Rendered them Irrelevant
11/11 checkable references clean · checked 2026-07-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
19 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 11 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1596/1813-9450-5436
Taking stock of antidumping, safeguards, and countervailing duties, 1990-2009
resolves10.20955/r.70.12-29.ofo
Protectionist Trade Policies: A Survey of Theory, Evidence and Rationale
The 19 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedXII (Restrictions to Safeguard the Balance of Payments, applicable only to developed countries), Art. XVIII (infant industry protection and balance of payments crises; applicable to developing countries only), Art. XIX (Emergency Actions on Imports of Particular Products, also known as the "safeguards clause"), Art. XX (General Exceptions), Art. XXI (Security Exceptions), and Art. XXVIII (Modification of Schedules, also known as tariff renegotiation). Common to these de jure flexibility mechanisms is a rather high level of conditionality (enactment preconditions and scope of application),8 as well as relatively modest indemnity payments to the affected victim countries
no DOI — not checkedref4
no DOI — not checkedProtectionism
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no DOI — not checkedref8
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no DOI — not checkedThe Anatomy of Classical and Modern Infant Industry Arguments
no DOI — not checkedref15
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no DOI — not checkedref19
no DOI — not checkedCountervailing Calamity How to Stop the Global Subsidies Race
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedTrade Policy Flexibility and Enforcement in the WTO -Reform Agenda Towards an Efficient
no DOI — not checkedref27
no DOI — not checkedTrade liberalisation, Trade Performance, and Economic Growth
no DOI — not checkedref29
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
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or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
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