Reference health
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt: A Balanced Retributive Account
3/3 checkable references clean · checked 2026-09-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
18 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 3 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1163/1874-6772_seg_a3_305
Attica. IG III 1280a (Add. p. 519 = Syll³. 1111) corr. id. l. c. 63
The 18 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
no DOI — not checkedref2
no DOI — not checkedIn Defense of Victim Impact Statements, 6 OHIO ST
no DOI — not checkedref4
no DOI — not checkedref5
no DOI — not checkedref6
no DOI — not checkedOne way to see this is to consider a British study of convicted felons who self-reported "that they commit offences at around 140 per year in the period at liberty, before they were imprisoned
no DOI — not checkedref8
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedYet a much smaller percentage has been sent to prison. What controls whether someone is prosecuted and convicted is mostly the discretion of the police and prosecutors. Those who feel harassed will most likely be those who are viewed suspiciously by those in power, i.e., those who are poor or African American or Hispanic
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedBut the saner view, as established in supra Part IV.B, is that there is a categorical difference between the "good" of punishing the guilty and the right of the innocent not to be punished
no DOI — not checkedref19
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-09-03 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.2562563"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.2562563/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.2562563)