Reference health
Identifying Criminals’ Risk Preferences
25/25 checkable references clean · checked 2026-10-14
Every reference with a DOI or an arXiv id in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
22 with no DOI or arXiv id: not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is checked only when it names an arXiv id, under that id’s DataCite DOI. The rest are never matched by title or guessed at; they stay outside the checked set, and this line says so.
The 25 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1525/fsr.2014.26.4.227
Excerpts from Proposed 2014 Amendments to the Sentencing Guidelines
resolves10.2307/2601054
Reasonable Doubt and the Optimal Magnitude of Fines: Should the Penalty Fit the Crime?
resolves10.1628/0932456054193658
Deterrence versus Judicial Error: A Comparative View of Standards of Proof
resolves10.1257/aer.101.3.277
Optimal Proof Burdens, Deterrence, and the Chilling of Desirable Behavior
resolves10.1007/s11127-011-9867-y
Better that ten guilty persons escape: punishment costs explain the standard of evidence
resolves10.1111/1540-5982.00136
A model of evidence production and optimal standard of proof and penalty in criminal trials
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1430281
Better that Ten Guilty Persons Escape: Punishment Costs Explain the Standard of Evidence
resolves10.5040/9781472560490.ch-004
William Blackstone and William Prynne : An Unlikely Association?
The 22 references with no DOI or arXiv id, listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref1
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no DOI — not checkedDeterrence with Multiple Defendants: An Explanation for "Unfair" Plea Bargains
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no DOI — not checkedPlea bargaining makes a substantial part of an offender's sentence depend, not upon what he did or his personal characteristics, but upon a tactical decision irrelevant to any proper objective of criminal proceedings. In contested cases, it substitutes a regime of split-the-difference for a judicial determination of guilt or innocence and elevates a concept of partial guilt above the requirement that criminal responsibility be established beyond a reasonable doubt. This practice also deprecates the value of human liberty and the purposes of the criminal sanction by treating these things as commodities to be traded for economic savings-savings that
no DOI — not checkedBjerk, supra note 113, at 2. 118. There is an expanding law and economics literature on stigmatization and how it affects optimal law enforcement strategies. See, e.g., Alon Harel & Alon Klement, The Economics of Stigma: Why More Detection of Crime May Result in Less Stigmatization
no DOI — not checkedref13
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedRepeat Offenders: If They Learn, We Punish Them More Severely, 30 INT'L REV
no DOI — not checkedref22
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no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedBurden of Proof, 121 YALE L
no DOI — not checkedA Utilitarian Justification for Heightened Standards of Proof in Criminal Trials
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no DOI — not checkedref45
no DOI — not checkedA Public Choice Theory of Criminal Procedure, 15 SUPREME CT
no DOI — not checkedref49
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