Reference health
Empirical Evidence on the Behavior and Impact of Patent Trolls: A Survey
38/38 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-27
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
20 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 38 checked references that resolve
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2346338
Patent Demands & Startup Companies: The View from the Venture Capital Community
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2012.05.002
Patent trolls on markets for technology – An empirical analysis of NPEs’ patent acquisitions
resolves10.1257/jep.27.1.45
The New Patent Intermediaries: Platforms, Defensive Aggregators, and Super-Aggregators
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2247195
The America Invents Act 500 Expanded: Effects of Patent Monetization Entities
resolves10.1257/aer.99.2.343
The Empirical Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Innovation: Puzzles and Clues
resolves10.2139/ssrn.1917709
An Empirical Study of Patent Litigation Timing: Could a Patent Term Reduction Decimate Trolls Without Harming Innovators?
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2029263
Where's the Innovation? An Analysis of the Quantity and Qualities of Anticipated and Obvious Patents
resolves10.2307/2696399
Do Stronger Patents Induce More Innovation? Evidence from the 1988 Japanese Patent Law Reforms
resolves10.1257/jep.5.1.29
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cumulative Research and the Patent Law
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2443048
Does Patent Litigation Reduce Corporate R&D? An Analysis of US Public Firms
resolves10.3386/w21246
Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation: Evidence from Health Care Markets
The 20 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref2
no DOI — not checkedPatents at issue: The data behind the patent troll debate
no DOI — not checkedOf Trolls, Davids, Goliaths, and Kings: Narratives and evidence in the litigation of high-tech patents
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref14
no DOI — not checkedThe Giants Among Us
no DOI — not checkedExecutive Office of the President
no DOI — not checkedDo Patent Licensing Demands Mean Innovation?
no DOI — not checkedref27
no DOI — not checkedIs there a patent troll problem in the UK
no DOI — not checkedref31
no DOI — not checkedThe Anticompetitive Effects of Unenforced Invalid Patents
no DOI — not checkedref39
no DOI — not checkedThe myth of the patent troll: An alternative view of the function of patent dealers in an idea economy
no DOI — not checkedForum shopping in patent cases: does geographic choice affect innovation
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedData Sources on Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, and Other Intellectual Property
no DOI — not checkedStrategic Patent Acquisitions
no DOI — not checkedTrolls or Market-makers? An empirical analysis of nonpracticing entities
no DOI — not checkedref56
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