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Trade Credit Provision and National Culture
85/85 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-18
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 85 checked references that resolve
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The 40 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedAll variables are defined in the Appendix. Industry dummies based on the Fama-French 48-industry classification are included in all regressions but are unreported for brevity. All parameters are estimated using pooled OLS with standard errors adjusted for clustering by country and year. t-statistics (in parentheses) are reported beneath each coefficient estimate
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no DOI — not checkedthe dependent variable is Payables/sales, defined as 100 times the ratio of trade payables to sales. CLT, PDI, UAI, and MAS are Hofstede's cultural indices on collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity, respectively. All variables are defined in the Appendix. Industry dummies based on the Fama-French 48-industry classification are included in all regressions but are unreported for brevity. All parameters are estimated using pooled OLS with standard errors adjusted for clustering by country and year. t-statistics
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no DOI — not checkedThe dependent variable is Receivables/sales, defined as 100 times the ratio of trade receivables to sales. CLT, PDI, UAI, and MAS are Hofstede's cultural indices on collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity, respectively. Models (1) through (4) report pooled OLS with standard errors adjusted for clustering by firm and year. Models (5) through (8) report pooled OLS results with Newey-West standard errors
no DOI — not checked) through (16) and industry dummies based on the Fama-French 48-industry classification are included in Models (1) through (20) but are unreported for brevity. t-statistics (in parentheses) are reported beneath each coefficient estimate in Models (1) through (12). z-statistics (in parentheses) are reported beneath each coefficient estimate in Models (13) through (20)
no DOI — not checkedIncome is a self-evaluated scale of household income by a respondent, counting all wages, salaries, pensions, and other incomes, before taxes and other deductions. The scale is 1 to 10, with 1 indicating the lowest decile and 10 denoting the highest decile. Log(GDP per capita) is defined as the logarithm of GDP per capita in constant 2005 U.S. dollars and lagged one year relative to the survey year of each country
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