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Electoral Laws, Political Institutions and Long-Run Development: Evidence from Latin America, 1800-2012
56/56 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-20
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The 56 checked references that resolve
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no DOI — not checkedand de facto institutional development with the country-specific time trends to control for different rates of institutional changes following the enforcement of electoral laws. Panel A demonstrates the effects on de jure institutional development whilst Panel B presents the effects on de facto institutional development using the full sample and country-specific sub-samples where each individual country is piecewise excluded from the full sample. Each specification features the set of core explanatory variables, country-fixed effects and time-fixed effects. Standard errors are adjusted for arbitrary heteroskedastic distrbution of error variance and serially correlated stochastic disturbances across and within countriey using the Cameron et. al. (2011) multiway clustering scheme and finite-sample empirical distributional function to overcome the distributional weaknesses of Huber-Eickner-White robust variance-covariance matrix estimator to address the potential over-rejection of the null hypothesis in the absence of country-and time-clustered standard errors. The standard errors are denoted in the parentheses
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