Reference health
Mass Shootings and Public Support for Gun Control
1 of 46 checkable references need attention · checked 2026-08-02
At the dated check, the references listed below either did not resolve in Crossref or DataCite, or carried a retraction notice. Each one is shown with the registry record that put it there.
42 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
References needing attention
does not resolve to a known work10.1037//0033-2909.108.3.480
The 45 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1017/s002238161100123x
Polarized Political Communication, Oppositional Media Hostility, and Selective Exposure
resolves10.1177/028072709601400204
Natural Disasters as Focusing Events: Policy Communities and Political Response
resolves10.1007/s11109-013-9223-7
Focusing Events and Public Opinion: Evidence from the Deepwater Horizon Disaster
resolves10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-112215
Geographic Information Systems and the Spatial Dimensions of American Politics
resolves10.1177/107769900408100103
Media Salience and the Process of Framing: Coverage of the Columbine School Shootings
resolves10.1111/ajps.12156
What the Demolition of Public Housing Teaches Us about the Impact of Racial Threat on Political Behavior
resolves10.1111/0022-3816.00077
Gun Policy, Opinion, Tragedy, and Blame Attribution: The Conditional Influence of Issue Frames
resolves10.1017/s0003055409990360
Politicized Places: Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition
resolves10.1037/a0024894
Americans respond politically to 9/11: Understanding the impact of the terrorist attacks and their aftermath.
resolves10.1111/0162-895x.00295
The Consequences of Terrorism: Disentangling the Effects of Personal and National Threat
resolves10.1080/01924036.2015.1105144
Are America’s public mass shooters unique? A comparative analysis of offenders in the United States and other countries
resolves10.1016/j.avb.2010.12.006
From Columbine to Palestine: A comparative analysis of rampage shooters in the United States and volunteer suicide bombers in the Middle East
resolves10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.00271.x
Guns, Hollywood, and School Safety: Defining the School‐Shooting Problem Across Public Arenas<sup>*</sup>
resolves10.1023/A:1005482816598
Race Talk and Local Collective Memory among African American Men in a Neighborhood Tavern
resolves10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13010014
Effects of News Media Messages About Mass Shootings on Attitudes Toward Persons With Serious Mental Illness and Public Support for Gun Control Policies
resolves10.1016/j.soscij.2008.12.014
Frame-changing in the media coverage of a school shooting: The rise of Columbine as a national concern
resolves10.1177/107769900608300402
Media Salience and Frame Changing across Events: Coverage of Nine School Shootings, 1997–2001
resolves10.1086/267237
The Assassination of President Kennedy: A Preliminary Report on Public Reactions and Behavior
The 42 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref7
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedRate of Mass Shootings Has Tripled Since
no DOI — not checkedref14
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no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedref20
no DOI — not checkedref22
no DOI — not checkedAmerica as a Gun Culture
no DOI — not checkedMisplaced: The Limits of Contextual Influence on Americans' Policy Attitudes
no DOI — not checkedref31
no DOI — not checkedref34
no DOI — not checkedViolent Video Games and Mass Violence: A Complex Link
no DOI — not checked11 Mass Shootings, 11 Speeches: How Obama Has Responded
no DOI — not checkedref44
no DOI — not checkedref47
no DOI — not checkedA Crisis in Context Local Conditions, National Events, and Economic Policy Mood
no DOI — not checkedref52
no DOI — not checkedref54
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedA National Survey of Stress Reactions After the
no DOI — not checkedEffects of the Assassination of President Kennedy on Political Partisanship
no DOI — not checkedLong-Term Psychological Consequences of Political Events
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedA national survey on public reactions and behavior
no DOI — not checkedref65
no DOI — not checkedPolitical Tolerance and Coming to Psychological Closure Following the
no DOI — not checkedref68
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no DOI — not checkedAside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services... more than once a week, once a week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, seldom, or never?" (ATTEND). This item has 6 ordered response options, ranging from (1)-"More than once a week" to (6)-"never
no DOI — not checked281) College Education 2.00*** (.512) 1.27*** (.319) .121 (.596) 1.34*** (.284) 1.70*** (.453) 2.52*** (.421) .956* (.417) Percent Black .160 (.144) .395*** (.113) .409^ (.226)
no DOI — not checkedFirearm Stores Per Cap -40.88*** (11.16) -44.52*** (11.30) -27.98 (20.70) -63.40*** (8.95) -64
no DOI — not checked512*** (.036) -.962*** (.036) Black .310*** (.078) .304*** (.054) .281** (.105) .332*** (.047) .352*** (.074) .143** (.053) .592***
no DOI — not checkedPew Data) to
no DOI — not checked880) College Education -1.29 (2.01)
no DOI — not checkedref86
no DOI — not checkedref87
no DOI — not checkedEntries are unstandardized regression coefficients from multilevel regression models with random intercepts (zip) estimated using gllamm in the software package Stata�. ^p<.10, *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001. Reported significance levels are based upon two-tailed hypothesis tests
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