Reference health
The ICO Gold Rush: It's a Scam, It's a Bubble, It's a Super Challenge for Regulators
11/11 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-03
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
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The 11 checked references that resolve
resolves10.4000/assr.2609
Pouvoirs et associations dans le monde arabe (cf. Arch. supra. François Mabille)
resolves10.1109/asic.1990.186177
Direct access test scheme-implementation and verification in embedded ASIC designs
The 53 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedBlockchain only from the regulator's perspective IOSCO
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no DOI — not checkedIs Disruptive Blockchain Technology the Future of Financial Services?, 69 CONSUMER FIN
no DOI — not checkedMoving Beyond Bitcoin to an Endogenous Theory of Decentralized Ledger Technology Regulation: An Initial Proposal, 61 VILL
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no DOI — not checkedBeyond Bitcoin: Issues in Regulation Blockchain Transactions, 65 DUKE L
no DOI — not checkedBlockchain's Three Capital Markets Innovations Explained
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no DOI — not checkedTrustless Property Systems and Anarchy: How Trustless Transfer Technology Will Shape the Future of Property Exchange, 45 SW
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no DOI — not checkedThe Bridging Model: Exploring the Roles of Trust and Enforcement in Banking, Bitcoin, and the Blockchain, 17 NEV
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no DOI — not checkedRegulating Digital Currencies: Bringing Bitcoin within the Reach of the IMF, 14 CHI
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no DOI — not checkedHalting a Shift in the Paradigm: The Need for Bitcoin Regulation, 16 TRINITY C
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no DOI — not checkedRechtliche Herausforderungen einer virtuellen W�hrung -Eine erste juristische Einordnung
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no DOI — not checked/83/EU) and is supplemented by specific conduct-or product-related legislation. The European consumer protection framework assumes the perspective that the asymmetry of information, where the commercial actor knows more about the product or service than the consumer, is open to abuse, and seeks to add a notion of fairness and good faith into the contracting between commercial actors and consumers. This is particularly true for technical products and services. Under that framework, depending on the details, ICOs could qualify as contracts for services or goods
no DOI — not checkedref35
no DOI — not checkedon the law applicable to contractual obligations) harmonizes private international law all over the EU. On consumer rights, see Art
no DOI — not checkedFor a criticism on the broad scope, see P. Athanassiou & T. Bullman, The EU's AIFM Directive and Its Impact: An Overview
no DOI — not checkedref40
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no DOI — not checkedESMA Alerts Firms Involved in Initial Coin Offerings to the Need to Meet Relevant Regulatory Requirements
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedTitle III of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act of 2012 added Securities Act Section 4(a)(6) that provides an exemption from registration for certain crowdfunding transactions
no DOI — not checkedMultilateral CSA Notice 45-316 Start-up Crowdfunding Registration and Prospectus Exemptions
no DOI — not checkedNeuer Rechtsrahmen f�r Crowdfunding -Ausbruch aus dem Regelungsdickicht des Kapitalmarkts?
no DOI — not checkedref48
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no DOI — not checkedThe Regulation of Crowdfunding in the German Small Investor Protection Act: Content, Consequences, Critique, Suggestions, 13 EUR
no DOI — not checkedMONEYSMART (last updated
no DOI — not checkedashx; cf. on the Conceptual Framework for Blockchain Crypto Property
no DOI — not checkedBitcoin Tumbles as PBOC Declares Initial Coin Offerings Illegal
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no DOI — not checked) (stating that "more of the buying and selling of cryptocurrencies has gravitated towards the private over-the-counter market
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no DOI — not checkedSouth Korea Issues Ban on ICOs as Trading Volume Climbs at Nation's Exchanges
no DOI — not checkedConsumer Warning about the Risks of Initial Coin Offerings
no DOI — not checkedConsumer Warning: The Risks of Initial Coin Offerings
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