Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known
work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction,
withdrawal, or removal notice.
The 44 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
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no DOI — not checkedExecutive Compensation as an Agency Problem, 17
no DOI — not checkedExecutive Compensation: Where We Are, and How We Got There, in 2 HANDBOOK OF THE ECONOMICS OF FINANCE 211
no DOI — not checkedStock Ownership Patterns, Stock Market Fluctuations, and Consumption
no DOI — not checked) (listing the market capitalization of listed domestic companies for multiple countries over variable spans of time)
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no DOI — not checkedAs of September 2018, the total market capitalization of the S&P 500 companies was $25.8 trillion. S&P 500 Historical Total Market Cap & Float Adjusted Cap
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no DOI — not checkedstating that three specific mutual funds dominate other mutual funds in terms of the size of assets under management)
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no DOI — not checkedIt is noteworthy that there were similar developments in the United Kingdom. See OFFICE FOR NAT'L STATISTICS
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no DOI — not checkedIn another telling example, institutional investors currently hold 74.6% of Microsoft. See Microsoft Corporation (MSFT): Major Holders, YAHOO! FIN
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no DOI — not checkedprohibiting the "exercise [of] voting authority with respect to client securities" by investment advisers without implementation of
no DOI — not checkedSimilarly, Dimension Fund Advisors, the eighth-largest mutual fund in the United States, recently threatened to vote against directors who approved frowned-upon (by Dimension Fund Advisors, that is) governance mechanisms without the approval of shareholders, not only at the specific company that implemented the mechanism but at all boards upon which a given director sits
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no DOI — not checkedT]he small, expert, and nondiverse Delaware judiciary reduces agency costs in two ways. First, Delaware has only one trial court with jurisdiction to hear corporate cases, the Court of Chancery
no DOI — not checkedAs a court of equity, the Chancery Court has no juries. This assures that the court resolves factual issues quickly, even in situations in which trials need to be held, and without the risk of making errors that may result from having a lay jury
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no DOI — not checkedBlack excludes from his calculation the increased costs that firms bear over their lifetime from a move, such as increased listing, tax, and attorney's fees."), and Romano, Law as a Product
no DOI — not checkedIn addition to the direct costs of reincorporation, path dependence is an additional cost that might limit incorporation and reincorporation in other states
no DOI — not checkedby the Section of Corporation Law of the Delaware State Bar Association, which tends to be led by local defense firms with more interest in preserving incorporations in-state than in a large volume of litigation. See Bo Becker, Daniel Bergstresser & Guhan Subramanian, Does Shareholder Proxy Access Improve Firm Value? Evidence from the Business Roundtable's Challenge, 56
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no DOI — not checkedto create value-enhancing law, the plaintiffs' bar has a very different and very powerful goal: maximizing attorneys' fees. Because attorneys' fees can be earned only to the extent that courts hold decisionmaking authority, one would expect a rational, selfinterested plaintiffs' bar to seek to maximize this judicial authority-even if the balance of principal, agent, and adjudicatory costs implies that the use of courts in a given situation is suboptimal. As long as enterprising plaintiffs' attorneys can find nominal shareholder plaintiffs-which history suggests is not particularly difficult-and the promise of fees remains, these attorneys will likely continue bringing litigation even when shareholders in the aggregate would be better off without it. For a clear view of this type of "entrepreneurial" litigation, see
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no DOI — not checkedIn re Cornerstone has left market participants responsible for disciplining independent directors who approve conflict transactions. See supra notes 123-24 and accompanying text (describing the practical effects of exempting directors from discipline by the courts)
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