Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known
work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction,
withdrawal, or removal notice.
5 without a DOI — not checked. A reference
deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked
set, and this line discloses that.
The 5 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedare characterized as having large average investment in firms in their portfolios and extremely low turnover. In contrast, transient (TRA) institutional investors are characterized as having high portfolio turnover and highly diversified portfolio holdings. Quasi-indexing (QIX) institutions have low turnover and diversified holdings. Blockholders are defined as institutional investors with at least 0.5% stake in the firm
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedHistogram of the distribution of mergers and acquisitions between financial institutional investors. Of these 66 M&A events, 5 involve acquirers that are categoried as dedicated
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-02 — re-checked daily as this page is visited;
titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The
badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.