Reference health
The Case for Dual-Class of Shares
45/45 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
39 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 45 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1016/j.jempfin.2008.05.002
Understanding the relationship between founder–CEOs and firm performance
resolves10.1007/s11156-017-0665-6
The power of control: the acquisition decisions of newly public dual-class firms
resolves10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.09.003
Executive compensation in firms with concentrated control: The impact of dual class structure and family management
resolves10.1108/s1569-3732(2013)0000016006
Dual Class Discount, and the Channels of Extraction of Private Benefits
resolves10.1016/j.jeconbus.2013.10.002
Analysis of dividend policy of dual and single class U.S corporations
resolves10.1111/1540-6261.00567
Founding‐Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500
resolves10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.08.006
Disproportionate insider control and board of director characteristics
resolves10.1016/j.qref.2013.08.001
Management entrenchment and the valuation discount of dual class firms
resolves10.3386/w12356
Inside the Family Firm: The Role of Families in Succession Decisions and Performance
resolves10.1111/j.1468-5957.2007.02066.x
Large Shareholder Entrenchment and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Canada
resolves10.1017/bap.2017.6
Hidden power of the Big Three? Passive index funds, re-concentration of corporate ownership, and new financial risk
resolves10.1111/j.1467-8683.2010.00783.x
Agency Conflicts, Controlling Owner Proximity, and Firm Value: An Analysis of Dual‐Class Firms in the United States
resolves10.1111/1475-679x.12185
Divergence of Cash Flow and Voting Rights, Opacity, and Stock Price Crash Risk: International Evidence
resolves10.1002/smj.2121
Takeover defenses, innovation, and value creation: Evidence from acquisition decisions
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.012
Are founding families special blockholders? An investigation of controlling shareholder influence on firm performance
resolves10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.10.003
Growth opportunities, short-term market pressure, and dual-class share structure
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2008.02.002
Family values: Ownership structure, performance and capital structure of Canadian firms
resolves10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.02.004
The long-term valuation effects of voluntary dual class share unifications
resolves10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.09.009
Information environment and earnings management of dual class firms around the world
resolves10.36639/mbelr.5.1.dual-class
Dual-Class Capital Structures: A Legal, Theoretical & Empirical Buy-Side Analysis
resolves10.1111/j.1468-5957.2010.02203.x
The Impact of Dual Class Structure on Earnings Management Activities
resolves10.1111/irfi.12217
Factors Associated with Strategic Corporate Decisions in Family Firms: Evidence from Sweden
resolves10.1016/j.jacceco.2007.07.002
What's in a vote? The short- and long-run impact of dual-class equity on IPO firm values
resolves10.1080/09603100802599498
Concentrated control and corporate value: a comparative analysis of single and dual class structures in Canada
resolves10.1111/corg.12080
How does Family Control Influence Firm Strategy and Performance? A Meta‐Analysis of <scp>US</scp> Publicly Listed Firms
resolves10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.12.005
How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value?
resolves10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.01.001
A meta-analysis of the financial performance of family firms: Another attempt
resolves10.2139/ssrn.3001574
Sunrise, Sunset: An Empirical and Theoretical Assessment of Dual-Class Stock Structures
resolves10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01043.x
The Entrenchment Problem, Corporate Governance Mechanisms, and Firm Value*
The 39 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedDual-class share structures in Canada: Review and recommendations Policy Paper #1
no DOI — not checkedGood" Governance and Stock Market Performance
no DOI — not checkedTwo flawed studies about controlled corporations by ISS and IRRCI
no DOI — not checkedref6
no DOI — not checkedref10
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedref18
no DOI — not checkedref19
no DOI — not checkedExcess Control Rights and Corporate Acquisitions (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 1695061)
no DOI — not checkedBoard Games all reports
no DOI — not checkedref23
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedref27
no DOI — not checkedDual-Class IPO
no DOI — not checkedref29
no DOI — not checkedref30
no DOI — not checkedFP500 -The Premier Ranking of Corporate Canada
no DOI — not checkedref33
no DOI — not checkedref34
no DOI — not checkedref40
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedref44
no DOI — not checkedref46
no DOI — not checkedPerpetual Dual-Class Stock: The Case Against Corporate RoyaltyAnnexe
no DOI — not checkedref51
no DOI — not checkedref52
no DOI — not checkedref54
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedref59
no DOI — not checkedref62
no DOI — not checkedref63
no DOI — not checkedMULTI-CLASS STOCK AND FIRM VALUE Does MultiClass Stock Enhance Firm Performance? A Regression Analysis
no DOI — not checkedref67
no DOI — not checkedref68
no DOI — not checkedref70
no DOI — not checkedref73
no DOI — not checkedref81
no DOI — not checkedref82
no DOI — not checkedref83
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-28 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.3318447"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.3318447/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.3318447)