Reference health
The Patent Troll: Benign Middleman or Stick-Up Artist?
50/50 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-28
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
19 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 50 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1111/1467-937x.00097
Market Share, Market Value and Innovation in a Panel of British Manufacturing Firms
resolves10.2307/3585017
How High Are the Giants' Shoulders: An Empirical Assessment of Knowledge Spillovers and Creative Destruction in a Model of Economic Growth
resolves10.2139/ssrn.3039106
'Troll' Check? A Proposal for Administrative Review of Patent Litigation - Online Appendix
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2012.05.002
Patent trolls on markets for technology – An empirical analysis of NPEs’ patent acquisitions
resolves10.1257/aer.20130232
Firm Size Distortions and the Productivity Distribution: Evidence from France
resolves10.2139/ssrn.2848549
The USPTO Patent Examination Research Dataset: A Window on the Process of Patent Examination
resolves10.1162/0034653043125194
Mapping the Two Faces of R&D: Productivity Growth in a Panel of OECD Industries
resolves10.1016/j.econlet.2016.10.002
Patent trolls as financial intermediaries? Experimental evidence
resolves10.1162/003465398557221
Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 1965–1988
resolves10.1017/S0007680515001014
Inventing Prizes: A Historical Perspective on Innovation Awards and Technology Policy
resolves10.1016/j.respol.2015.07.002
The effect of patent litigation and patent assertion entities on entrepreneurial activity
resolves10.3386/h0098
Inventors, Firms, and the Market for Technology in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
resolves10.1093/icc/dtq037
Collateral damage for R&D manufacturers: how patent sharks operate in markets for technology
resolves10.1007/s10961-007-9074-7
How does initial public financing influence private incentives for follow-on investment in early-stage technologies?
The 19 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref2
no DOI — not checkedExtreme Value or Trolls On Top?The Characteristics of the Most-Litigated Patents
no DOI — not checkedPatents at Issue: The Data behind the Patent Troll Debate
no DOI — not checkedref24
no DOI — not checkedref28
no DOI — not checkedref43
no DOI — not checkedTrolls and Other Patent Inventions: Economic History and the Patent Controversy in the Twenty-first Century
no DOI — not checkedCatch-up and Fall-back through Innovation and Imitation'
no DOI — not checkedref50
no DOI — not checkedThe Myths and Facts of Patent Troll and Excessive Payment: Have Non-Practicing Entities (NPEs) Been Overcompensated?
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedAre Patents Creative or Destructive
no DOI — not checkedStrategic Uses of Patents in Markets for Technology: A Story of Fabless Firms, Brokers and Trolls'
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedDiscovering New Value in Intellectual Property
no DOI — not checkedEstimating the Gains from Trade in the Market for Patent Rights
no DOI — not checkedTrolls or Market-Makers?'. An Empirical Analysis of Nonpracticing Entities
no DOI — not checkedref67
no DOI — not checkedref69
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carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-28 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
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