Reference health
Blame it on the Governor? Retrospective Voting in the 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic in the United States
50/50 checkable references clean · checked 2026-08-22
Every reference with a DOI in the deposited reference list resolved to a known work in Crossref or DataCite at the dated check, and none carried a retraction, withdrawal, or removal notice.
33 without a DOI — not checked. A reference deposited without a DOI is never matched by title or guessed at; it stays outside the checked set, and this line discloses that.
The 50 checked references that resolve
resolves10.1086/426036
Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools
resolves10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00080.x
Mortality burden of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in Europe
resolves10.1111/j.0735-2166.2006.00258.x
Who Is Held Responsible When Disaster Strikes? the Attribution of Responsibility for a Natural Disaster in an Urban Election
resolves10.1111/j.1540-5907.2012.00603.x
Holding Mayors Accountable: New York's Executives from Koch to Bloomberg
resolves10.3386/w26866
The Coronavirus and the Great Influenza Pandemic: Lessons from the “Spanish Flu” for the Coronavirus’s Potential Effects on Mortality and Economic Activity
resolves10.1086/692669
Incremental Democracy: The Policy Effects of Partisan Control of State Government
resolves10.1080/00036846.2014.1002894
Do natural disasters increase the likelihood that a government is replaced?
resolves10.1186/1471-2334-14-371
Spatial-temporal excess mortality patterns of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in Spain
resolves10.3886/icpsr08611
Electoral Data for Counties in the United States: Presidential and Congressional Races, 1840-1972
resolves10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.05.005
Do voters demand responsive governments? Evidence from Indian disaster relief
resolves10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.12.005
Excess mortality patterns during 1918–1921 influenza pandemic in the state of Arizona, USA
resolves10.1017/s0003055420000027
Accountability for the Local Economy at All Levels of Government in United States Elections
resolves10.1086/706458
Politics in Forgotten Governments: The Partisan Composition of County Legislatures and County Fiscal Policies
resolves10.1017/s0007123406000275
Economic Geography and Economic Voting: Evidence from the US States
resolves10.2307/1986487
The Price of Political Innocence: The Role of the National Security League in the 1918 Congressional Election
resolves10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.01.003
Local economies and general elections: The influence of municipal and regional economic conditions on voting in Sweden 1985–2002
resolves10.2307/2110623
Economic Retrospective Voting in American National Elections: A Micro-Analysis
resolves10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00503.x
Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters
resolves10.3886/icpsr02896.v3
Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790-2002
resolves10.1111/ajps.12053
Substituting the End for the Whole: Why Voters Respond Primarily to the Election‐Year Economy
resolves10.1561/100.00009057
Random Events, Economic Losses, and Retrospective Voting: Implications for Democratic Competence
resolves10.1017/s0022050720000297
Financial Asset Ownership and Political Partisanship: Liberty Bonds and Republican Electoral Success in the 1920s
resolves10.1017/s0003055419000029
When Do Citizens Respond Politically to the Local Economy? Evidence from Registry Data on Local Housing Markets
resolves10.1001/jama.298.6.644
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Implemented by US Cities During the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic
resolves10.2307/1917393
Politics, Parties, and Pestilence: Epidemic Yellow Fever in Philadelphia and the Rise of the First Party System
resolves10.1086/692588
Attribution Errors in Federalist Systems: When Voters Punish the President for Local Tax Increases
resolves10.1007/s11109-018-9453-9
Local Economic Shocks and National Election Outcomes: Evidence from Hungarian Administrative Data
The 33 references without a DOI — listed, not checked
no DOI — not checkedref2
no DOI — not checkedref3
no DOI — not checkedref9
no DOI — not checkedref11
no DOI — not checkedref12
no DOI — not checkedref14
no DOI — not checkedref15
no DOI — not checkedActivities Concerning Mobilization Camps and Ports of Embarkation
no DOI — not checkedref17
no DOI — not checkedref25
no DOI — not checkedLiving in fear of the pale-faced messenger: The private and public responses to yellow fever in philadelphia
no DOI — not checkedref35
no DOI — not checkedDo shark attacks influence presidential elections
no DOI — not checkedref38
no DOI — not checkedref40
no DOI — not checkedref54
no DOI — not checkedref56
no DOI — not checkedLocal governance and pandemics: lessons from the 1918 flu
no DOI — not checkedref60
no DOI — not checkedref61
no DOI — not checkedHaverstraw didn't hear smith speech
no DOI — not checkedSees epidemic used for political ends
no DOI — not checkedWhitman continues to fight
no DOI — not checkedref65
no DOI — not checkedref66
no DOI — not checkedCorrelates and consequences of american war casualties in world war i
no DOI — not checkedref72
no DOI — not checkedref76
no DOI — not checkedref78
no DOI — not checkedref79
no DOI — not checkedref80
no DOI — not checkedFlu" ties up politics
no DOI — not checkedref82
What this badge says. CiteStamped means the CHECKABLE references of this
work were clean at the dated check: each resolved to a known work in a public registry, and none
carried a retraction notice at that time. It says nothing about the quality, findings,
or importance of the work itself, and nothing about references deposited without a DOI.
checked 2026-08-22 — re-checked daily as this page is visited; titles and statuses come from Crossref and DataCite and are not part of the signed record
Embed this badge
Both snippets point at the live badge image and link back to this page. The badge re-renders from the daily check, so an embed never goes stale by more than a day of visits.
<a href="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.3680286"><img src="https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.3680286/badge.svg" alt="CiteStamped reference-health badge" width="460" height="64"></a>
[](https://citestamp.com/citestamped/10.2139/ssrn.3680286)